Cot Essay Silk Road

Between the years of 200 BCE and 1450 CE, the Silk Road went through a number of changes. With the rise and success of the ancient empires the trade route thrived and was the main trade route connecting the Mediterranean to China. As the empires collapsed so did the use of the Silk Road as it became unprotected and unsafe for use. With the Mongol empire in 1200 CE the Silk Road had a temporary revival, but when the Mongolian Empire collapsed the use of Silk Road did as a permanent switch to the Indian Ocean Network was made.Around 200 BCE the Roman, Han and Gupta empires were established and expanded. The Silk Road began in the East in Changan, went through Mongolia and Turkestan, then through the Takalamakan Desert. It then expanded southeast to India or central Asia and then Eastern through the Roman Empire. Trade routes were traveled in stages from city to city through the empires. The invention of the camel saddle made it easier for merchants to transport their goods with efficie ncy. Heavy use of the Silk Road began in 300 BCE as goods were traded and ideas were spread.Silk, cotton, spices, pearls, ivory and coral were traded east to west along the Silk Road. Glassware, bronze, linen, and olive oil were traded East to West. Ideas such as Buddhism moved along this route as well as the spread of disease such as smallpox and the plague. Diseases were one of the many reasons of the fall of the ancient empires. At the collapse of these empires around 600 CE the Silk Road was left unprotected and many merchants ventured from the Silk Road.With the invention of new navigational technology such as fore-and-aft rigging, the dhow and the junk many merchants went to the Indian Ocean Network. Around 1200 CE the Mongolian Empire came to power. Through conquest they came to control most of Asia and their armies protected the overland trade routes. This led to a temporary revival of the Silk Road. When the Mongolian empire collapsed around 1400 the Silk Road was left unpr otected once again. With the invention of the astrolabe, compass and improved cartography a permanent switch was made to the Indian Ocean Route.Between the years of 200 BCE and 1450 CE, the Silk Road went through a number of changes. With the rise and success of the ancient empires the trade route thrived and was the main trade route connecting the Mediterranean to China. As the empires collapsed so did the use of the Silk Road as it became unprotected and unsafe for use. With the Mongol empire in 1200 CE the Silk Road had a temporary revival, but when the Mongolian Empire collapsed the use of Silk Road did as a permanent switch to the Indian Ocean Network was made.

How Have Our Ideas of Heroes Changed over Time Essay

In the beginning of cinema heroes and heroines tended to stay within the mythic structure of heroes using binary pairs of opposite terms to simplify the complexity of events and reducing the players down to good guys and bad guys or more cinematic, white hats and black hats. That changed radically in the late 1960’s and early ’70’s when a series of films such as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Bonnie and Clyde, The Godfather, Midnight Cowboy and One flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, literally turned mythic structure on its head and presented the cinematic anti-hero. Before this golden age of film an audience could rely on the belief that no matter how complicated events got for the hero in the end the hero would prevail and the villain would be brought to justice. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid asks its audience to redefine justice in order to root for our heroes who are in fact the villains and hiss the villains who are in fact the good guys. Bonnie and Clyde does the same, the Godfather does it so well that films influence is noticeable in prevailing attitudes about justice today. Midnight Cowboy and One flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest don’t necessarily offer up villains as heroes, but our heroes are so flawed, so aimless in their pursuit that even if in the end they are brought down by their own hubris they are still weaker, less competent versions of the mythic hero who rather than ask there audience to be inspired by greatness they ask their audience to celebrate rebelliousness for the sake of rebellion and immorality as an acceptable form of happiness. The radical changes that took place in the films of the seventies still has heavy influence in film making and particularly in film criticism today. There are still and will always be plenty of films made that remain true to classical mythic structure where white hats prevail and black hats do not. Current examples of such mythic structure can be found in films such as Live Free Die Hard, Casino Royale, Mission Impossible, and almost any Harrison Ford film. In these films, no matter how complicated things get the white hats always prevail the black hats lose. These films do not do well with the film critics that find employment in the media. It’s not that critics don’t like action films as most heaped plenty of praise on such films as Children of Men, Pans Labyrinth, 3:10 to Yuma and I am Legend. The difference between these movies and the action films such as Live Free Die Hard or any Harrison Ford Film is that Harrison Fords heroes always live and in the films praised by critics the heroes always died. I am skeptical that Braveheart would have actually won the Oscar for best picture if William Wallace lived. This is the primary and perhaps the most important change in the depiction of heroes and heroines over the years in film. The abandonment of classical mythic structure in exchange for â€Å"realism† where â€Å"rational ideas† become notions that heroes aren’t heroes unless they die fighting the good fight and villains aren’t so bad once you really get to know them.

Helping in Schools Essay

1. Identify the current legislation relating to equality and inclusion aspects. (LO 1.1) 2. Write up your â€Å"Anti-discrimination Application/ Assessment Worksheet†, completing one row independently. (LO 2.1, 2.2) 3. Briefly reflect on your how your own attitudes, values and behaviour might impact on your work with children and young people by completing the following statements: a. It is important to support the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access because†¦.(LO 1.2) b. It is important to support anti-discriminatory practice in schools because †¦(LO 2.4) c. I could challenge discrimination by†¦(LO 2.5) d. Avoiding stereotyping groups of people is particularly important in school because†¦(LO 2.3) e. It is important to be a role model in the area of equality and inclusion because†¦..(LO 2.3) f. It is important to value and celebrate Cultural Diversity because†¦I can contribute to this by†¦ (LO 1.3, 2.3) g. As a volunteer I have a particularly important role to play in promoting equality and inclusion because†¦(LO 2.3) 4. Briefly describe a display in your school and say how you feel it celebrates diversity and equal opportunities or challenges discrimination. Alternatively you could suggest a plan for a display which would celebrate diversity, promote equal opportunities or challenge discrimination in school.

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Short - Essay Example These countries portray in their films a lot about their festivals and ceremonies (Pickowicz 8). This tells us how festive these countries are. Chinese films also show the heroic struggle of the Chinese soldiers who reached their destination in the 1930s after the long march. An example of this is the Chinese movie named â€Å"The Long March†. The way Chinese films are made tells us that China has a strong film industry with talented actors. Russian films, like â€Å"Faust† by Alexander Sokurov, talk more about battles and wars, and portray the Russian history. Arabian films have their own special portrayal of beauty and culture. Arabian films, like â€Å"The Only Way Out† by director Haifaa Mainsour, talk about domestic problems of Arabian people. However, the way Arabian films are made shows that this country lacks a formal film industry, which is surely due to the conditions of Islam. Moreover, if we talk about German films, most of them portray the humorous n ature of the Germans which they are famous for. German comedy movies, like â€Å"Miss Congeniality 2 - Armed and Fabulous† and â€Å"The Edukators†, show the sense of humor Germans possess. Talking about Hollywood as another good example, films of USA show that a female is more like a sex symbol (Hollinger 281). Females are considered as the weaker and corrupt gender. Films like â€Å"Fatal Attraction† released in 1987 show that the real place of women is at home. Hollywood movies also talk about racism, which shows that the society of USA is affected by the harmful aspect of racism. Films, like â€Å"Crash† by Paul Haggis portray the issues of race and gender. Crash revolves around characters of different races falling into each other and realizing at the end that racial discrimination should be ended. Hollywood films are also famous for their action-adventure and catastrophe movies like â€Å"2012†. 2012 is a final action-adventure and a thrilled journey of human

Trials and tribulations of e-learning and distance learning within Essay

Trials and tribulations of e-learning and distance learning within higher education - Essay Example Fortunately enough, there have been radical developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Computer technology has scaled new heights in terms of processing speed, storage and display; the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) has made it possible for content to be made available at any time, anywhere in the world. The requirement for faster knowledge acquisition and dissemination and the rapid developments in ICT have converged to lead to the development of what is known as e-Learning and Distance Education. â€Å". . . a wide set of applications and processes allied to training and learning that includes computer-based learning, online learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. These services can be delivered by a variety of electronic media, including the intranet, internet, interactive TV and satellite.† Distance Learning lays more emphasis on the geographical distance or separation between the knowledge disseminating agency and the student. The concept of distance education is not new. Imparting education by despatch of course material through the postal service or snail mail, was the earlier form of distance education which has now metamorphosed with the application of electronic technology. Desmond Keegan (1995) defines Distance Learning as resulting from the technological separation of teacher and learner which frees the student from the necessity of travelling to â€Å"a fixed place, at a fixed time, to meet a fixed person, in order to be trained.† As far as dissemination of educational content through electronic technology is concerned, e-Learning and Distance Learning can therefore be considered to be the same. For the purpose of this paper, e-Learning and Distance Learning are used interchangeably. e-Learning delivery can be synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous delivery implies an online or live

Sustainability Led-Marketing - Small business Term Paper

Sustainability Led-Marketing - Small business - Term Paper Example Sustainable marketing aims at winning consumers who have adapted to eco-friendly products made by businesses, which have embraced sustainable production. For a sustainable business, companies seek to enhance their production processes to minimise the side effects it causes to the environment. A sustainable business ensures that it reduces air pollution, water pollution and the side effect the product has on the consumer using the product or the service (Meffert et al. 2014, p. 156). Sustainable business is more of a business that looks toward enhancing or achieving corporate social responsibility to the community it serves. The illustration above implies that sustainable business aims at creating an environment where people believe that the product being manufactured by the company is the best in the market. In addition, it implies that the qualities a company’s product cannot be compared with any other firm in the same industry. Consumers are made to believe the product they are consuming was manufactured in a clean environment that not any other company can achieve (Belz & Peattie, 2010, p. 31). To bring to light a better understanding of sustainable marketing, Philips Lumileds Lighting Company will be used as a case study, as it enjoys the use of sustainable led marketing procedures. Philips Lumileds Lighting Company is an American light product manufacturing company that is located in San Jose, California, USA. The Company was established in 1999 with the aim of producing solid-state lighting solutions that include automotive lighting, LCD televisions, computer displays, creating a signal, and general lighting. It is the world-leading producer of high power light emitting diodes. In partnership with LUX EONPower Light Company, they came up with long life cost-effective light emitting diodes that have been ranked as the world-leading producer of light emitting diode lighting. In lieu of this information, it is

CORPORATE FINANCE OVERVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CORPORATE FINANCE OVERVIEW - Essay Example Even though the company has a secure stream of income from a long term contract, it still bears a default risk, albeit rather small. My estimation of the discount rate has to reflect all this information. It will be definitely higher than discount rate of government securities. d) This security has substantial default risk as the issuing company is a start-up without proven history of operations and no secure stream of income. Therefore, the discount rate will be higher than for the company with secured stream of income (from the previous question). 2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be used to quickly estimate the expected rate of return on a certain security. In an essence, it provides the best guess market can provide for future return on a particular security in a simple but powerful way. It was estimated that nearly 3/4 of financial managers use CAPM to estimate the cost of capital (Brealey, Myers & Allen, 192). CAPM reflects two crucial points. First, investors require extra return for extra risk (as shown in risk premium component). Second, investors are concerned with the risk that they cannot eliminate by diversification (as shown in beta component). Therefore, when used to estimate expected return on a particular security, CAPM accounts for the overall additional risk premium historically required by investors for this type of security (risk premium) and for the systematic risk that this particular security adds to the diversified portfolio (security’s beta). 3. a) It is possible to estimate net present value of this project rather accurately. Buying new equipment for a factory line at Ford is a part of regular established operations of Ford. Therefore, the expected rate of return estimated for the Ford as a company is appropriate for this particular project. Since Ford is a mature company, with its stock having being traded for many years, its expected rate of return

Racism in the White Dog Film Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racism in the White Dog Film - Assignment Example As demonstrated in the movie, â€Å"White Dog,† racism is seen to be a deep-seated issue in the society in which every race harbors some resentment against other races. The film was highly criticized across the United States for its racist views. The White Dog is a movie that demonstrates racial conflicts and disparities. At the beginning of the movie, actress Julie Sawyer finds a stray white dog that she takes gives treatment and goes looking for the owner. She is unsuccessful in tracing the owner hence she ends up having the dog with her. A rapist attacks Julie one night but the dog protected her. This makes Julie decide to adopt the dog despite the fact that her boyfriend was opposed to it. In advancing the racial theme, the dog happens to have been trained against the black people. In the process, it ends up killing a black truck driver as well as Julie’s colleague (Pearl 11). This demonstrates racial discrimination; the reasons for targeting only the blacks in a negative way reveal the black race in a bad light. Apparently, the dog was trained in order to attack black people that it came across. However, despite the dog being seen to be a racist or having been trained to be a racist, it goes further to save Julie from the hands of a rapist irrespective of their tribal affiliation. There is a variation in the perception of characters towards racial prejudice. Julie was one of the characters that outstood in developing an intervention towards the situation of the white dog. She realized that the dog had some training that did not go well with her expectations. This made her embark on looking for a dog trainer. The first one she meets is called Carruthers, who also harbors anti-racism thoughts hence he recommends that the dog should be killed.

Cross Culture Managment - South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross Culture Managment - South Korea - Essay Example The capital of South Korea, Seoul is also the city covering its largest area of land. Korea was a huge region that came under separation into its North and South portions after the end of World War II. Since the two parts of Korea were not in a good friendly relation from the time of their formation, therefore, it resulted in wars between them. The war was a stepping-stone for the southern region, as after the war their economy saw a dramatic boom that revolutionized the recognition and position of the country in its neighborhood (Haggett, 2002). With the economical boom, that the country experienced gave a rise to the lifestyle of its citizens, thus boosting its social sector. Over the passage of time, it developed its technological, transport, manufacturing, industrial and economic sector phenomenally that it made its place in the world rankings. The country has a high population density, as a huge number of people inhabit a comparatively small piece of land. Diverse cultures do no dominate the Korean population and it has come under observation that a larger proportion of the populace consists of people of Korean race and Chinese people forms a minority. South Korea does not restrict its denizens to practice a particular religion and have the liberty to follow their religious rituals. A big faction of the people follows â€Å"Christianity and Buddhism, whereas Islam, Shamanism, Confucianism, Chondogyo are the religions that comes under practice by the minorities† (USA International Business Publications, 2005). South Korea is a democratic country that comes under the leadership of President but the power does not come under confinement only in the hands of the president. Legislation and Judiciary also have rights on the power of making legal decisions. Culture of South Korea Korean language generally known as Hangul by the natives comes under common usage to communicate with one another. This language finds its origin from an ancient language known as Altaic, which was widely spoken centuries back. Hangul is well comprehendible and understandable by the locals despite of the fact that it has quite a lot of forms and accents (Connor, 2009). The language is simple and easy and due to this reason, one can learn it effortlessly without difficulty. It also contributes to one of the achievements of the country that is to have a secularly qualified and educated population. Though Hangul do not relate much to the Chinese language, still some Chinese characters come in association with it as an influence of the minor Chinese population residing in the South Korea. English being a universal language retains its importance amongst Koreans as well, therefore, schools have made English as a subject of learning (Connor, 2009). The attitude of the Korean population has seen a drift as earlier people had thinking that was more conservative and gender discrimination came under finding in heights. This trend saw a radical turn after the boosting of the economy and the perceptions towards the girls came under transformation. Opportunities came into the provision to the females in the world of business. The opportunities developed the concept of individualism and independence in females and they no longer made themselves dependent on their male spouses, which uplifted their position in the society (Connor, 2009). Despite of all the success and gains that South Korea has experienced, it has retained its history and has not

How useful is social class Essay Example for Free

How useful is social class Essay How useful is social class as a variable for segmenting consumer markets? Explore. In the early days of segmentation, according to Schiffman, it was not unusual to apply only one segmentation criterion, e.g. demographic segmentation. Today marketers have realized that it is to simplified to apply only one criterion for segmenting complex markets. Therefore, it is common to combine several criteria to create rich and comprehensive segmentation profiles in order to find the most beneficial target markets for ones product. Shortly, it can be argued that geographic and demographic variables help to locate a certain target market, whereas psycho-graphic and socio-cultural variables help describe who its members are, how they think and how they feel. Demographic is segmenting customers based on age, income, gender, etc. Geographic is based on the region or country they live in. psycho-graphic is based on their personality and socio-cultural segmentation is segmenting the market based on their subculture, religion, social class, family lifestyle/life-cycle (single, married etc). Currently, we will focus on the importance of segmenting the consumer markets based on their social class. Almost every society has some form of a social class structure. According to Kotler, Social classes are societys relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values, interest, and behaviors. Society is mainly divided into three major classes, Upper, Middle and Lower. But social scientists have identified that society can be classified into seven social classes. They are the Upper Uppers, Lower Uppers, Upper Middles, Middle Class, Working Class, Upper Lower, and Lower Lowers (See Appendix I). Companies need to consider social class as a variable for segmenting the consumer markets because it is useful for them in determining their target market. It helps them in setting the different marketing mix for different  target market based on their social class. For example, a car company like Toyota produces many different types of car with different brands; prices and which are targeted to different people. The expensive cars like Land Cruiser and Celica is targeted to the upper class. While their other brands like Soluna and Toyota Kijang is mainly focused on the middle and working class. Marketers are also interested in social class because people within a given social class tend to show similar buying behavior. It helps the marketers in setting the price and the quality to use for their product. For instance the Upper Uppers way of decision-making of purchasing a product and the product they purchase would be different from those of the Upper Lower. They would prefer to purchase a more expensive product with good quality. They would not go for cheap products thinking that because if it is inexpensive, it is sure an inferior product. For example, in choosing a car. The upper class would prefer to buy something more elite and exclusive like Mercedes and Lexus since it has a class, and is more of a good quality product. They would not go for something like Timor. Therefore, it is vital that marketers consider the social class when segmenting consumers because it influences on consumer purchasing decision-making. Here, marketers know that their upper class consumers see the quality comparing to price. So they have to develop a product with merit features, since the society is affordable to pay for the product. Besides aiming on target market and setting the price, it also helps the marketers in deciding their advertising activities. The way a company advertises for an expensive and exclusive products will be different from the way they advertise a low quality product. Im sure a marketer would not waste a lot of money in their advertising campaign for an inferior product that is targeted to the middle and lower class. Example, for soap products like Lux and Giv. Lux Company focuses on middle to upper class as their target market. To make it look like a pricier product, they use famous  actresses as their model. At times, the model in the advertising do effect on the consumer decision-making. While Giv Company focuses more on lower class consumers. They are less bother to hire expensive models for their advertising. They would go for a more simple advertising campaign. Overall, I would like to state that if marketers use social classes in targeting their consumer markets, they will be able to easily identify their target, understand their consumer behavior, minimize risk for new products and services and hence can organize successful marketing strategies in which they can sell their products in a better way and can gain more profit. They will also be able to know about the needs of their customers and hence can serve them better in the future.

A Review Of Recent Evidence

A Review Of Recent Evidence PROJECT MANAGEMENT EMERGED FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS OF APPLICATION INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION, ENGINEERING, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND DEFENSE AS A DISCIPLINE. THE 1950S MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT ERA. BEFORE 1950S, PROJECTS WERE MANAGED ON AN AD-HOC BASIS USING GANTT CHARTS, OR INFORMAL TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS. PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS THE DISCIPLINE OF PLANNING, ORGANIZING, SECURING AND MANAGING RESOURCES (I.E. MANAGEMENT) TO BRING ABOUT THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF SPECIFIC PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. B: DISCUSS PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ELEMENTS ONCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS PUT IN PLACE ORGANIZATIONS GET THE NECESSARY TOOLS AND INFORMATION THAT ARE NEEDED TO COLLABORATE AND MANAGE THEIR WORKLOAD AS A TEAM. FOLLOWING ARE THE KEY ELEMENTS FOR BETTER PROJECT MANAGEMENT: 1. CLASSIFY -DEFINE THE TYPE OF WORK: IT HELPS EVERYONE UNDERSTAND WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE E.G. NEW FEATURE, ACTION ITEM, DEFECT ETC. 2. TARGET -TARGET SETS YOUR PROJECT ¿Ã‚ ½S MILESTONES. MEASURING PROGRESS IS EASY WITH METRICS WHEN REMAINING TASKS AND ISSUES CAN BE RELATED BACK TO THE PLAN, KEEPING TEAM MEMBERS FOCUSED AND WORKING TOWARD A COMMON GOAL. 3. PRIORITIZE EACH TEAM MEMBER SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE PRIORITY SYSTEM. 4. COLLABORATE -RIGHT TASKS BE ASSIGNED TO THE RIGHT PEOPLE. MAKE SURE THAT OWNERSHIP BE CLEAR AND REASONABLE. WORKLOAD HAS TO BE BALANCED AND FAIR AND IT SHOULD BE EASY FOR PEOPLE TO GET HELP IF NEEDED FROM OTHER TEAM MEMBERS. 5. CHECK STATUS -TASK STATUS SHOULD BE REGULARLY TRACKED. IT SHOULD BE EASY TO SEE WHAT IS COMPLETED, WHAT REMAINS TO BE COMPLETED, AND WHAT ISSUES EXIST. 6. TRACK COMPLIANCE KEEP A COMPLETE HISTORY FOR EVERY TASK. IT HELPS YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT ISSUES REMAIN, HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR PLANS, UNDERSTAND AND CORRECT PROCESS ISSUES, AND COMPLY WITH APPROPRIATE INDUSTRY STANDARDS LIKE ISO9000 CERTIFICATION ETC. C: DISCUSS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS INFLUENCING PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT CAN BE AFFECTED BY THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS IN A BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT. THE EXTERNAL FORCES THAT AFFECT PROJECT MANAGEMENT INCLUDE SOCIOLOGICAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL. EXTERNAL FACTORS: 1. SOCIOLOGICAL: IT INCLUDES THE DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS, TRENDS, WORK ETHICS, PERSONAL VALUES, AND GENERAL CULTURES. THESE FACTORS INFLUENCE DIFFERENTLY ON HOW A PROJECT MANAGER ACCOMPLISHES ITS GOALS. THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN EACH COUNTRY IS UNIQUE AND AS THE BUSINESS BECOMES INTERNATIONAL, MANAGEMENT HAS TO UNDERSTAND THESE UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTS IN ORDER TO PLAN FOR THE FUTURE AND DESIGN PRODUCTS FOR A PARTICULAR GROUP OF PEOPLE. 2. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL: IT INCLUDES THE ESSENTIAL FACTORS SUCH AS COMPETITORS, SUPPLIERS AND CUSTOMERS. PROJECT MANAGEMENT MUST STUDY THE ECONOMY AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR A CONTINUAL AND DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP. BY STUDYING THE COMPANIES, SUPPLIERS, COMPETITORS, CUSTOMERS AND CURRENT POLITICAL FACTORS, THE MANAGEMENT IS CAPABLE OF MAKING EFFECTIVE MANAGERIAL DECISIONS. THUS THE PRODUCTS DESIGNED UNDER THIS POSSES PLACE, FORM AND TIME UTILITY TO SUCCEED IN THE MARKET PLACE. 3. TECHNOLOGY: TECHNOLOGY HAS THE MOST DRAMATIC EFFECT ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT AS ANY CHANGE IN THIS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS OFTEN QUICKLY FELT BY FIRM. AS THE MARKET CAN CHANGE OVERNIGHT THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE IN A POSITION TO MAKE DECISIONS THAT WILL PUT THE COMPANY IN A FLEXIBLE POSITION TO ADAPT WITH THE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES. INTERNAL FACTORS: INTERNAL FACTORS OR ENVIRONMENT OF A BUSINESS CONSISTS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO COMPLETE ITS GOALS. THESE ARE HUMAN, TECHNOLOGICAL, FINANCIAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES. THE TASK OF MANAGEMENT IS TO ACQUIRE THESE RESOURCES AND MAKE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION. IN THIS TASK THE MANAGEMENT OF A PROJECT IS IN COMPETITION WITH ALL OTHER BUSINESSES IN THE LIFE. ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES ARE THEREFORE SCARCE AND MANAGEMENT SUCCESS DEPENDS ON HOW WELL THESE RESOURCES ARE BOTH ACQUIRED AND UTILIZED. 1. GLOBALIZATION: THE FIRST FACTOR IS GLOBALIZATION WHICH TENDS TO BRING CLOSE PEOPLE FROM AROUND THE WORLD AND AS A RESULT INCREASING THE POSSIBILITIES OF PERSONAL EXCHANGE, MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND FRIENDSHIP. GLOBALIZATION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SUCCESS, GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF A BUSINESS IN THE WORLD MARKET. THE GLOBAL NETWORKING ALLOWS NEW IDEAS AND PLANNING MEANT TO CAPTURE THE GLOBAL MARKET. 2. TECHNOLOGY: IT IS THE SECOND ASPECT AND REFERS TO TECHNIQUES WHICH MAKE OPERATIONS EASIER. INNOVATION INVOLVES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS TO CREATE A NEW AND IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY. 3. ETHICS: THE FINAL FACTOR AFFECTING PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS ETHICS WHICH IS DESCRIBED AS A SET OF PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT CONDUCT. P2: APPRAISE THE VIABILITY OF PROJECTS AND DEVELOP SUCCESS/FAILURE CRITERIA. A: DEVELOP SUCCESS AND FAILURE CRITERIA FOR PROJECT IN TERMS OF TIME, COST AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS. DR MARTIN BARNES (UK) FIRST DESCRIBED THE  ¿Ã‚ ½IRON TRIANGLE ¿Ã‚ ½ OF TIME, COST AND SCOPE (SOMETIMES QUALITY) IN A COURSE HE DEVELOPED IN 1969. THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE CAN BE USED BY MANAGERS TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE DIFFICULTIES OF IMPLEMENTING CHANGE AND THE COMPLEXITIES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT. ALL PROJECTS HAVE CERTAIN CONSTRAINTS, THOSE THINGS THAT RESTRICT THE DECISIONS THAT CAN BE MADE  ¿Ã‚ ½ FOR EXAMPLE, MOST PROJECTS HAVE A COST CONSTRAINT AS THERE WILL ONLY BE A CERTAIN BUDGET AVAILABLE TO THE PROJECT. A PROJECT MANAGER MUST WORK OUT HOW TO DELIVER A PROJECT WITH A GIVEN SET OF CONSTRAINTS. ONE APPROACH IS THAT OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE, WHICH IDENTIFIES THREE CONSTRAINTS THAT WILL APPLY TO ALL PROJECTS AND THAT AFFECT EACH OTHER; TIGHTENING ONE CONSTRAINT WILL ALLOW SOME FLEXIBILITY IN THE OTHERS AND FLEXIBILITY IN ONE AREA WILL AFFECT THE OTHERS. THE THREE CONSTRAINTS IN THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE ARE TIME, COST AND SCOPE (SOMETIMES QUALITY). AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONSTRAINTS IN THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE (COST, TIME AND SCOPE) CAN HELP ALL MANAGERS TO IMPLEMENT CHANGE IN BUSINESS. TIME CONSTRAINT (SCHEDULE) TIME IS THE MOST DIFFICULT CONSTRAINT TO CONTROL IN A PROJECT AS DEADLINES ARE USUALLY ENSURE EFFICIENT WORKING AND OFTEN THE REQUIRED RESOURCES ARE NOT AVAILABLE WHEN NEEDED .ALL THE ACTIVITIES IN A PROJECT TAKE TIME AND EACH ACTIVITY CAN TAKE A SHORTER OR LONGER AMOUNT OF TIME DEPENDING ON FACTORS SUCH AS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE PERSONNEL COMPLETING THE TASK, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WORKING ON THE TASK AND THE AVAILABILITY OF WORKERS AT THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD. COST CONSTRAINT ALL PROJECTS HAVE FINITE RESOURCES AVAILABLE THAT ARE MEASURED IN TERMS OF COST. THERE IS A LIMITED BUDGET AND THE PROJECT MANAGER MUST PLAN HOW TO SPEND THE BUDGET ON THE RESOURCES NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT. REDUCING THE COST OF A PROJECT WILL HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE TIME THE PROJECT WILL TAKE AND CHANGING THE TIME AVAILABLE TO A PROJECT WILL IMPACT THE COST OF THE PROJECT. PROJECT SCOPE CONSTRAINT THE SCOPE DEFINES THE EXPECTED DELIVERABLES BY THE PROJECT. THE PROJECT MANAGER HAS TO MANAGE THE SCOPE OF A PROJECT AS ANY CHANGE IN SCOPE WILL IMPACT BOTH COST AND TIME. IF MORE ITEMS ARE ADDED TO THE SCOPE THEN BOTH TIME AND COST MAY INCREASE, AND EVEN A SUBTLE CHANGE TO THE SCOPE CAN HAVE NOTICEABLE IMPACTS, BECAUSE OF WHICH CHANGE CONTROL IS VITAL TO PROJECT SUCCESS. PROJECT QUALITY AT TIMES THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE IS DESCRIBED WITH THE THREE CONSTRAINTS TIME, COST AND QUALITY RATHER THAN SCOPE, AS HIGHER QUALITY IN A PROJECT CAN EASILY LEAD TO A HIGHER COST AND SOMETIMES MORE TIME. HOWEVER, QUALITY CAN ALSO BE PART OF THE SCOPE OF A PROJECT; AS WELL DEFINED DELIVERABLES WILL INCLUDE A STATEMENT REGARDING THE DESIRED QUALITY. B: BRIEFLY EXPLAIN DIMENSIONS OF PROJECT SUCCESS TO BE SUCCESSFUL A PROJECT MUST: * DELIVER THE OUTCOMES AND BENEFITS REQUIRED BY ORGANIZATION, ITS DELIVERY PARTNERS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS * CREATE AND IMPLEMENT DELIVERABLES THAT MEET THE AGREED REQUIREMENTS * MEET THE TIME TARGETS * STAY WITHIN THE FINANCIAL BUDGETS * INVOLVE ALL RIGHT PEOPLE * MAKE BEST USE OF RESOURCES IN THE ORGANIZATION * TAKE ACCOUNT OF CHANGES IN THE WAY THE ORGANIZATION OPERATES * MANAGE ANY RISKS THAT COULD JEOPARDIZE THE SUCCESS * TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE NEEDS OF STAFF AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS WHO WILL BE AFFECTED BY THE CHANGES BROUGHT IN BY THE PROJECT. P3: UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES BEHIND PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM PROCEDURES: A: DISCUSS PROJECT INFORMATION SUPPORT SYSTEM THE PROJECT INFORMATION SUPPORT SYSTEM IS USED IN COMPANIES FOR INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF PROJECTS AND IN PROJECT PREPARATION AND HANDLING. THE PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE A HIGH QUALITY PRODUCT, INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF WORK AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE COMPANY. THE SYSTEM ENSURES: * REGISTRATION AND FULL DOCUMENTING OF COMPANY ¿Ã‚ ½S PROJECTS * EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION * EXCHANGE OF PROJECT INFORMATION AMONGST ALL PROJECT PARTICIPANTS * EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION REGARDING THE TECHNOLOGIES BEING DEVELOPED IN THE COMPANY * FOLLOW-UP OF PROJECT ORGANIZATION DOCUMENTATION AT ALL STAGES BOTH FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF ITS CONTENTS, AND FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF WORK ORGANIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONNEL USE. * POSSIBILITY OF CREATION AND STORAGE OF DOCUMENTATION FOR QUALITY SYSTEM. * INTERACTION BETWEEN PROJECT MANAGER AND THE CUSTOMER, SUBCONTRACTORS, COMPANY MANAGEMENT AND CO-WORKERS WORKING ON THE PROJECT INSIDE THE COMPANY. * NOTIFICATION OF CO-WORKERS AND PROJECT MANAGER ABOUT THE TASKS RECEIVED. * CONTROL OF DOCUMENT IMPLEMENTATION, AGREEMENT AND APPROVAL CYCLES FOR PROJECT DOCUMENTS. * STRUCTURING OF INFORMATION BY PROJECT DOCUMENTATION. * DOCUMENT SYSTEMATIZATION TAKES PLACE ON THE FOLLOWING BASIS: > ACCORDING TO MONTHS AND WEEKS > SEPARATION OF NEW DOCUMENTATION DEVELOPED DURING LAST MONTH AND LAST WEEK > STORAGE OF INFORMATION ON FROZEN AND ACCOMPLISHED PROJECTS IN DYNAMICAL ARCHIVE, POSSIBILITY TO LOOK THROUGH THIS DOCUMENTATION, CHANGE PROJECT STATUS AND TRANSFER ALL INFORMATION ON PROJECT FROM DYNAMICAL ARCHIVE TO THE BASE OF PERSPECTIVE AND ACTIVE PROJECTS. * DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF ACCESS RESTRICTION TO PROJECT DOCUMENTATION FOR COMPANY CO-WORKERS. * THE SYSTEM IS IMPLEMENTED ON THE BASIS OF CLIENT-SERVER PLATFORM. THIS PLATFORM ALLOWS ORGANIZING JOINT USE OF INFORMATION BY ALL EMPLOYEES, TO ENSURE THE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF INFORMATION SAFETY AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR STANDARD PROCESSES OF DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT. B: DISCUSS AND GIVE EXAMPLES HOW HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCES CAN BE INTEGRATED TO ACHIEVE SUCCESSFUL PROJECTS. FOR A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT COMPLETION, PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ARE ADOPTED WHICH ARE MOSTLY LEARNED FROM EXPERIENCE, AND THEY ARE UNIVERSALLY VALID FOR ¿Ã‚ ½ALL ¿Ã‚ ½PROJECTS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ PRINCIPLE BASED PROJECT MANAGEMENT BEGINS WITH THESE PRINCIPLES: * RULE 1- FIND OUT WHAT BUSINESS YOU ARE IN, AND THEN MIND YOUR OWN BUSINESS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½BE SURE YOUR BUSINESS IS VIABLE. ¿Ã‚ ½SELECT PROJECTS THAT ARE GOOD FOR YOUR BUSINESS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½UNDERSTAND THE BUSINESS VALUE IN YOUR PROJECT AND LOOK FOR CHANGES. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½LEARN AND APPLY BEST PRACTICES IN YOUR CHOSEN BUSINESS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½DEFINE WHAT IS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE2 UNDERSTAND THE CUSTOMER ¿Ã‚ ½S REQUIREMENTS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½THOROUGHLY UNDERSTAND AND DOCUMENT CUSTOMER ¿Ã‚ ½S REQUIREMENTS, OBTAIN CUSTOMER AGREEMENT, AND PUT REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENTS UNDER VERSION IDENTIFICATION AND CHANGE CONTROL. ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 3 PREPARE A ¿Ã‚ ½REASONABLE ¿Ã‚ ½PLAN. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½PREPARE A ¿Ã‚ ½PLAN ¿Ã‚ ½THAT DEFINES THE SCOPE, SCHEDULE, COST, AND APPROACH FOR A REASONABLE PROJECT. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½INVOLVE TASK OWNERS IN DEVELOPING PLANS AND ESTIMATES, TO ENSURE FEASIBILITY. ¿Ã‚ ½USE A WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE COHERENCE AND COMPLETENESS TO MINIMIZE UNPLANNED WORK. * RULE 4 BUILD A TEAM WITH CLEAR OWNERSHIP. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½GET GOOD AND TRUSTWORTHY PEOPLE. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ESTABLISH CLEAR OWNERSHIP ¿Ã‚ ½OF WELL-DEFINED TASKS; ENSURE THEY HAVE TOOLS AND TRAINING NEEDED; AND PROVIDE TIMELY FEEDBACK. * RULE 5 TRACK PROJECT STATUS- TRACK ¿Ã‚ ½PROGRESS ¿Ã‚ ½AND CARRYOUT FREQUENT REVIEWS. ¿Ã‚ ½CONDUCT METHODICAL REVIEWS TO HELP MANAGE CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS, IMPROVE QUALITY, AND IDENTIFY PROBLEMS BEFORE THEY GET OUT OF HAND. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 6 USE BASELINE CONTROLS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ESTABLISH BASELINES FOR THE ¿Ã‚ ½PRODUCT ¿Ã‚ ½USING ¿Ã‚ ½CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ¿Ã‚ ½AND FOR THE ¿Ã‚ ½PROJECT ¿Ã‚ ½USING COST AND SCHEDULE BASELINE TRACKING. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½MANAGE CHANGES DELIBERATELY. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½USE MEASUREMENTS TO BASELINE PROBLEM AREAS AND THEN TRACK PROGRESS QUANTITATIVELY TOWARDS SOLUTIONS. ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 7 WRITE IMPORTANT STUFF DOWN, SHARE IT, AND SAVE IT. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½WRITE DOWN REQUIREMENTS, PLANS, PROCEDURES, AND EVOLVING DESIGNS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½DOCUMENTING ALLOWS THEM TO EVOLVE AND IMPROVE. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE BASELINE CONTROLS, RELIABLE COMMUNICATIONS, OR A REPEATABLE PROCESS WITHOUT DOCUMENTATION. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 8 IF IT HASNT BEEN TESTED, IT DOESNT WORK. ¿Ã‚ ½ DEVELOP TEST CASES EARLY TO HELP UNDERSTAND AND VERIFY REQUIREMENTS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½USE EARLY TESTING TO VERIFY CRITICAL ITEMS AND REDUCE TECHNICAL RISKS. ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 9 ENSURE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½KEEP THE CUSTOMERS REAL NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS IN VIEW. ¿Ã‚ ½ * RULE 10 BE RELENTLESSLY PROACTIVE. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½TAKE INITIATIVE AND BE RELENTLESSLY PROACTIVE IN APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES AND IDENTIFY AND SOLVE PROBLEMS AS THEY ARISE. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½PERIODICALLY ADDRESS AND CONFRONT PROJECT RISKS. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ATTACK PROBLEMS, AND LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED. ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ P4: IDENTIFY THE KEY ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN TERMINATING PROJECTS AND CONDUCTING POST-PROJECT APPRAISALS. CLOSURE MAY OCCUR AS PLANNED AT THE END OF THE PROJECT OR EARLY IF THE NEED OR JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT NO LONGER EXISTS. THE STEPS BELOW APPLY PRIMARILY TO NORMAL TERMINATION. THE BUSINESS CASE SHOULD BE HANDED OVER TO WHOEVER IS GOING TO TAKE LONG TERM RESPONSIBILITY FOR DELIVERING THE DESIRED BENEFITS. TOWARDS THE END OF THE PROJECT THE PROJECT MANAGER PERFORM AN EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT AGAINST THE PROJECT INITIATION DOCUMENT AND REPORT TO THE PROJECT BOARD SO THAT IT MAY FORMALLY CLOSE THE PROJECT, PERHAPS AT A CLOSURE MEETING. THE CHECKLIST BELOW WILL HELP THE SRO/PROJECT BOARD ASSURE ITSELF THAT THE PROJECT CAN BE CLOSED DOWN: PROJECT CLOSURE CHECKLIST * IS THE WORK OF THE PROJECT COMPLETE AS MEASURED AGAINST ANY SUBSEQUENT AGREED CHANGES? * HAVE ALL PROJECT DELIVERABLES BEEN CREATED, QUALITY CONTROLLED, ACCEPTED AND HANDED OVER TO THOSE WHO WILL OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THEM? * HAS INFORMATION ABOUT KNOWN ERRORS CONVEYED TO THOSE WHO WILL USE/OPERATE/MAINTAIN THE DELIVERABLES? * HAS RESPONSIBILITY FOR ONGOING OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING OF THE DELIVERABLES BEEN ACCEPTED BY APPROPRIATE PARTS OF THE ORGANIZATION? * HAVE THOSE WHO PROVIDED RESOURCES BEEN INFORMED OF ENDING PROJECT CLOSURE? * HAVE ALL OUTSTANDING REQUESTS FOR CHANGE BEEN PASSED TO APPROPRIATE OWNERS? * HAVE ALL RISKS BEEN COMMUNICATED TO AN APPROPRIATE OWNER IN THE ORGANIZATION? * HAS INFORMATION ABOUT ANY ERRORS IN THE DELIVERABLES BEEN COMMUNICATED TO THOSE WHO WILL OPERATE AND MAINTAIN RESPONSIBILITIES? * IS A PLAN IN PLACE FOR A POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW TO MEASURE THE ACTUAL ACHIEVEMENT OF BENEFITS AFTER THE PROJECT (TERMS OF REFERENCE, TIMING AND RESPONSIBILITIES)? * HAVE LESSONS LEARNED BEEN RECORDED AND DISSEMINATED TO INTERESTED PARTIES? * HAS PROJECT MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION BEEN FILED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE? YOU MAY RUN LESSONS LEARNT WORKSHOP SO THAT YOU AND OTHERS CAN BENEFIT FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE OF WHAT WENT WELL AND WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE IN A BETTER WAY. ONCE THE PROJECT BOARD HAS CONFIRMED CLOSURE, THE PROJECT TEAM IS DISBANDED AND THE PROJECT ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES NO LONGER EXIST. NO COSTS OR OTHER RESOURCES SHOULD GET CHARGED AGAINST A CLOSED PROJECT. MUAZZAM ALI BADSHA PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2ND SEMESTER CONFED SCHOOL FOR PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Page | 1

How Can Children At Risk Be Helped Young People Essay

How Can Children At Risk Be Helped Young People Essay In this paper we will be highlighting the major areas of children at high risk, the causes behind and the effect on their lives {as derived from child theology}. Our focus of attention will be the role and responsibilities of church and different organisations working for the rehabilitation as well as reaching out to them with the Gospel. CHILD THEOLOGY: SOME BASIC ASSUMPTIONS Child Theology encompasses all children irrespective of their identity, since our God is impartial. The basic purpose of child theology is to see the pressing needs of children, their potential and to take purpose driven action on their behalf.3à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚   What are Children to God? Or in child theology? Children are the most numerous and needy people we find on the earth. They are most needy people as they are small, weak, dependant, most vulnerable and powerless. Children are the blessing of God to the families. God could have easily created prototype of Adam and Eve, instead He told them to multiply (Gen.1:28). Secondly we also see that they are created in Gods image like any other individuals thus reflecting the nature and character of God (Gen.1:26). Though children are created in Gods image they, among all other human beings are also imperfect because of Fall and therefore needs to be redeemed.1 It is important to note that apart from physical healing they are also in dire need of spiritual healing which is often overlooked. Thirdly it is very much evident all through the scripture that they are the focus of God and His Kingdom. In the sight of God children are very special. But God cares for them and they are the focus of His Mission. Dr. Dan Brester says that, they are both key to Great Commission and an expression of Great Commandment.2 DIFFERENT AREAS WHERE CHILDREN ARE AT HIGH RISK Street Children: These children are the once who are on their own deprived of basic necessities of childhood, thus trying to survive by living and working in a particular environment. They are categorised as Children who live and work on street during day but return home at night, other group who find food, shelter and friends in the street. They are called children of the street. And the third category includes the abandoned ones, completely on their own for material and psychological support, so they are termed as children in the street.4à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚   Kind of work they do: salvaging recyclables from waste, selling things on road junctions, polish shoes, collect alms, scavenge food from the market, pick pocketing, theft etc. Problems they go through: They are neglected, abused by any and every kind of people passing by. Lack of roof over their heads leaves them only to be exploited sexually,abused and tortured physically. These children are deprived of proper food, education,and medical aid. They are at high risk of both physical as well as psychological problems since they are homeless and are left unattended if they suffer any health hazards. Many children are open to the dangers of addiction of tobacco, alchohol and all kinds of drug abuse.5 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚   Sexually abused Children/ Child Prostitution There is considerable amount of increase in the sexually abused children in India during last few years. Children are dehumanized, demeaned and are reduced to mere comodities for sale and purchase just to satisfy the need of ruthless and inhuman sexually immature individuals. These children are deprived of their childhood. Prostitution has become a very profitable trade in which million of children are involved specifically girl child. Child pornography has alarmingly increased in our country, so also incest rarely coming to light but very common in our society. The agony they go through: Apart from being sexually abused they also go through physical torture- beaten up, burnt, deprived of good food. They are kept in small cells or in very small and crowded rooms in unhygenic conditions getting very less light and air. Sometimes they are forced to take drugs to subside hunger and pain. Reasons: Among many other, povery is the basic reason worldwide. In India we find parents selling child to gain financial aid. Children of sex worker are forced into prostitution. Sometimes parents sexually abuse their children and so they find them ready for sex a good reason to earn money.à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  6à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚   Effect: Looses childhood and dignity, no future, physical as well as psychological disorder. Psychologically they are depressed, post traumatic stress as disorder, anxiety, psychopathy in later life, poor self esteem, develop self destructive behaviour such as crime in adulthood and suicide. We also find they turn out to be anti-socials. Phisically they are infected with sexually transmitted deseases. Children effected by Drugs and Alchohol: Children who are not able to take out their anger indulge in taking drugs. Reason behind children addicted to drug are divorse of parents, family violence, lack of love and support, not being heard of and it is also because of peer presure. In some cases they pick up this habit from their parents. Effects: It effects all areas of life such as emotional, psychological, spiritual as well as social and physically. they suffer loss of health.7à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚   Child Labour: In India 14.4% of children between 10-14 years of age are employed in child labour. It is effecting our society all over the world. They basically work in carpet factories, glass blowing units and firework factories. There are around 20 million child labourers in the country. Causes: To alivate poverty families force them into it. According to Prof. Gangrade, child labour is caused by differeà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  nt factors eg. Social tradition, customs, and dearth of schools or parental reluctance to send children to school, industrialization, urbanization and also migration. Effects: They are mal nourished, deprived of education, viewed as wage earner. It is hazardous to childs developmental needs both mental and physical. They are also effected socially and psychologically.8à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚  Ã‚   SOME OF THE ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE WORKING FOR THE CHILDREN WHO ARE AT RISK ARE: 1) VIVA NETWORK: This organization works among the children and do investment for their future in order to break the pattern of poverty and love, equip and support them. They are also helping them to make them free from depression, exploitation and abuse. And for this they engage themselves with mobilizing churches, communities and individuals to play their part in changing the lives of vulnerable children. 2) WORLD VISION INDIA: A Christian humanitarian organization working to create lasting changes in the lives of children, families and communities living in poverty and injustice. They focus on building the community around children so that they have the opportunity to reach for a better future. 3) UNICEF: In India it is working since 1949 and known to be the driving force that builds a world where the rights of every child are realized. The purpose is to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, diseases and discrimination place in childs path. 4) CEF: An international Christian organization seeks to evangelize and disciple children around the world. They target 10 million children worldwide to hear the good news. One of their main ministries is to do with children of prisoners because children of prisoners have 70% chance if going to prison when they grow up. 5) DIVYA SHANTI CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATION: Working since 1967 in Bangalore. They search children at market, railway station where the abused and runaway children take refuge. Their ministry is done by a night mobile clinic which is run by a staffed nurse and social worker who addressed the needs of children. 6) CRIN: They envision a world in which every child enjoys all human rights promised by United Nations, Regional Organizations and National Government. They also believe that children have the right to participate and express themselves freely and openly in all maters affecting them. These are some of the organizations but there are so many NGO, as well as the secular organizations which are working for the children. Now these days we also see lot of books on this subject, lot of work has been done but lots have to be done in order to accomplish the need of the children. OUR MISSION APPROACH Today lot of churches as well as our government has worked for the upliftment of the children who are at risk. Many churches have come forward to help children in terms of finance, material, and medical facilities and had helped them to get status in the society. Government had also started schemes for children like providing them mid day meals, free education as well as learning institutions where children are equipped to do tailoring, handicraft work from which they can learn and earn also. But apart from physical healing we need to reach out to them trough the Gospel which will bring spiritual healing. Evangelism to children is a special ministry of the church. There are various ways which church adapt to bring the Good News to children. For example through strory telling, visual aids such as flat pictures, graphics, projected materials, video-tape, Puppet show, music etc. Therefore being a theologian student lets stand in the gap for the children at risk and be sensitive about their needs serving and uplifting them in whatever capacity we can, so that they will become responsible leaders to serve the nation in future.

MacBeth :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth by William Shakespeare has three characters that appear to be the best developed. The first is Macbeth, the main character of the story. The second most developed character is Lady Macbeth, Macbeth’s wife. The third most well developed is Banquo, Macbeth’s friend. Banquo and Lady Macbeth play very important roles in Macbeth’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth is plagued with paranoia and a thirst for power. Macbeth fears that Banquo has discovered his unclean hands and he will turn him in. â€Å"Our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared. ‘Tis he much dares†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III, 3, 53-56) Macbeth knows that he could wipe out Banquo on his own, however he knows there would be obvious consequences for him. â€Å"And though I could with barefaced power sweep him from my sit and bid my will avouch it, yet I must not, for certain friends that are both his and mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III, 1, 134-137) In order for Macbeth to wipe out Banquo without suspicion, he schemes to have other men take care of the matter by convincing them that Banquo is at the heart of their problems. â€Å"Know that it was he, in times past, which held you so under fortune, which you thought had been our innocent self.† (III, 1, 84-86) Macbeth’s desire for power is his downfa ll.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The development of all three characters stems from the prophecies of the Weird Sisters about Macbeth and Banquo. Macbeth feels the need to murder Banquo because of his knowledge of the witches and their prophecies. â€Å"Were such things here that we do speak about? Or have we eaten on the insane root that takes the reason prisoner† (I, 3, 86-88) As a result of the prophecies Banquo suspects Macbeth of murdering the king in order to take his place. â€Å"Thou hast it now King, Cawdor, Glamis, all as the weird women promised, and fear thou play’st most foully for’t† (III, 1, 1-3) Banquo believes that his children and not Macbeth’s will be successors to the throne; the thought of this moves Macbeth to murder. â€Å"But that I myself should be the root an father of many kings†¦May they not be my oracles as well† (III, 1, 5-9) Banquo’s death is a result of his knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Macbeth is the rock for Macbeth. During Macbeth’s times of trouble she is the one to console him. â€Å"How now, my lord, why do you keep alone, of sorriest fancies your companions making, using those thoughts which should indeed have died with them they think on?

Origins of Petroleum Drilling :: physics drill oil drilling

The first step that creates sedimentary rocks is when tectonic forces push rock formations upward to produce mountains. Since this rock formation is know exposed to the surface conditions, it becomes eroded and weathered. These effects cause the rock to wear down. Due to deposition, sorting of various fragments occurs. Think of a stream that flows down a mountain. Within this stream there are many different materials that travel due to the velocity of the stream. Depending on how much distance is traveled by the river in a specific time defines its velocity. V=(change in distance)/(change in time) If the velocity is fast enough, it is able to budge big rocks as well as small rocks down the terrain. Eventually the slope becomes less and less steep, which causes the velocity of the stream to decrease. Since the velocity of the stream becomes slower as it arrives to a flat surface, it is not able to sustain a fast enough of a speed to make the heavier materials to continue with the journey. Usually at the bottom of this river, it will empty into a big body of water like the ocean. The different fragments are all submerged, yet divide into different groups. The reason for this is that there is still a river velocity that causes movement in the various fragments farther down the ocean floor. This might look years later once the river has dried out. Notice the big rocks are protruding from the water. This is either from corrosion to the rock formation next to the ocean or it is due to the rocks that came from a high velocity mountain stream. After all of these fragments arrange in their groups, lithification occurs. Lithification is the â€Å"conversion of unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation†(1). This compaction and cementation yields these sedimentary rocks: -Gravel turns into conglomerate -Sand turns into sandstone -Clay turns into shale -Shells turn into limestone [e]

The South Africa Overview Economics Essay

The authorities of South Africa is a Republic and the overall population is 50 million. The service sector is the major sector in South Africa with 65 part in the state ‘s GDP. The major import beginnings associated with South Africa are China, Germany, USA and Japan and the major export market are China, USA, Japan and Germany.Main beginnings of foreign exchange of South AfricaPlatinum ( 14 % ) , gold ( 8 % ) , coal ( 5.5 % ) , autos ( 3.5 % )Main disbursals of foreign exchangePetrochemicals ( 12 % ) , auto constituents ( 10 % ) , crude oil ( 4 % )Energy state of affairsSouth Africa has a big coal and mineral ( Pt, manganese, chrome, gold, U ) militias. Despite a well-developed man-made fuel production, 90 % of oil has to be imported.South Africa and the WorldSouth Africa is ranked 31st harmonizing to GDP and 129th harmonizing to Human Development Index and the major sectors are Agriculture, Technology, Textiles and Chemicals harmonizing to diary by Thomas White- Global Invest ing Co.POLITICS AND GOVERNANCEPolitical state of affairs: Reasonably stableHead of state/government: President Jacob Zuma ( since May 2009 ) South Africa runs by a democratically elected parliament and the major resistance portion there is Democratic Alliance. National Assembly and National Council of Provinces are the two chief parliaments with National Assembly being the more powerful and responsible.BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT South Africa was ranked 34 harmonizing to World Bank in 2010 and 2nd on the African continent. Restrictions to make concern in South Africa are really limited and the market is besides really crystalline. South Africa ‘s concern substructure is good established with good rail, route and airdrome substructure, advanced IT systems and good communicating web. The state is unfastened to foreign direct investing with both corporate concern and private persons.PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND TAXATIONThe statute law which mentioned that foreign companies may non be able to borrow more than tierce of the purchase monetary value of any belongings if the company ‘s major stockholders are registered outside of South Africa, is no longer applicable. The new statute law effected from 1st January 2011. There are no limitations on ownership of commercial belongingss. However, the statute law for private persons purchasing belongings in South Africa remains the same and non-residents can merely measure up for a place loan of up to 50 % of the value of the belongingsTrade GROUP MEMBERWorld Trade Organization ( WTO ) : South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organization. Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) : South Africa has been a member of the Southern African Customs Union and the members of SACU include Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho. The understanding footings of SACU province that members use the South African duty as the common external duty and goods are traded free of responsibilities and quotas between member provinces Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) : -South Africa has besides been a member of the Southern African Development Community and the members include Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. SADC has committed itself to the creative activity of a free trade country ( FTA ) by subscribing a protocol on trade at SADC Summit in 1996.BILATERAL Trade Agreements:South Africa has bilateral trade understandings with the undermentioned states or groups of states: Nyasaland: A bilateral understanding between South Africa and Malawi, provided the discriminatory rates of responsibility, discounts and ordinances on certain goods traded between the two states. Due to the understanding signed between them, goods that belonged to Malawian beginning can easy come in South Africa duty-free. The goods of South Africa that enters Malawi, receive the most-favored-nation rate of responsibility. Rhodesia: A bilateral understanding between South Africa and Zimbabwe provided for discriminatory rates of responsibility, discounts and quotas on certain goods traded between them and some new footings were added to it in the twelvemonth 1996. The footings included decreased duties and quota degrees on fabric imports into South Africa. The farther possibility of the understanding is that, the extension would be to other sectors such as agricultural. Mocambique: The bilateral understanding between the two of them have been chiefly for modulating mine labour, railroad and port affairs, and trade. The understanding has non been a really utile one and hence a really few figure of Mozambian goods receive duty penchant from South Africa. Citations: South Africa provides for protection for points that are listed on the endangered species list. It ‘s a party to Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( CITES ) . European Union: -The European Union and South Africa signed a Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) in 1999. The understanding will be phased in over a 10 to twelve twelvemonth period and will basically liberalise 86 % of South Africa ‘s imports from the EU and approximately 95 % of EU imports from South Africa. The overall understanding meets WTO demands of 90 % coverage.Document RequirementThe paperss required in importing are a commercial bill, measure of cargo, insurance paperss and packing list.IMPORT DUTIESThe import responsibility rates rangeA from zero to 30 % with a few exclusions, vesture industry, fabrics industry and motor industry merchandises. Import TAXESValue added revenue enhancement ( VAT )The ratings of imported goods for VAT is based on the f.o.b value plus 14 % of the value already considered with extra imposts responsibility.South Africa Import ProhibitionsThe merchandises which are prohibited for import in South Africa are drugs and narcotics, adult or obnoxious stuffs, workss, seeds, bulbs, natural cotton, uncooked meat/poultry, beeswax, honey, bees and their larvae or eggs, used beehive contraptions, , ammo, dry ice, furniture, unwrought gold, untrimmed diamonds, pelts.INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICADue to the bilateral dealingss between theA Republic of IndiaA and theA Republic of South Africa strong strategic, cultural and economic ties have been there since the terminal ofA apartheidA in South Africa in 1994. India and South Africa besides portion an extended energy partnership. In 2010, India imported 1.4 million metric tons of South African coal in February, doing it the largest buyer of coal from the state.BackgroundThere is a major residentA IndianA community in South Africa.A Mohandas Karamchand GandhiA had commenced his political-legal calling in South Africa in the 1890s and 1900s, experimenting withA civil noncompliance, to better the quality of life of the Indians life at that place. During theA 2003 Cricket World CupA a statue of him was unveiled inA PietermaritzburgA byA Sourav Ganguly, the captain of theA Indian national cricket squad.Development of bilateral dealingssIn 1994 both states established diplomatic dealingss after the terminal of apartheid. Indian authorities awarded South African leaderA Nelson MandelaA theA Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize. Both states have besides promoted featuring ties, with theA Indian national cricket teamA and theA South Africa national cricket teamA often interchanging visits and take parting in cricket tourneies hosted by either state.Economic tiesIn 2005-06 the Bilateral tradeA grew exponentially fromA USDA 3 million in 1992-93 to USD 4 billion, and the two authoritiess have targeted increasing bilateral trade to USD 12 billion by 2010.A Gold bullionA constitute tierce of India ‘s imports from South Africa, while India glosss and processesA diamondsA from South African mines.A South Africa has promoted subscribing aA free trade agreementA with India and theA Southern Africa Customs UnionA ( SACU ) , which includesA Botswana, A Lesotho, A NamibiaA andA SwazilandA along with South Africa. Bharti AirtelA was scheduled to acquireA MTNA to do one of the universe ‘s largest telecommunications companies, and besides touted as measure inA South-South cooperation. The South African authorities ofA Jacob Zuma, nevertheless rejected trade on the evidences that MTN would non be as South African any longer amid concerns of dual-listing on the Indian and South African stock exchanges.Military tiesMilitary cooperation, trading weaponries and joint exercisings and plans to develop forces have been developed by India and South Africa.IBSA ( India, Brazil, South Africa )India and South Africa signed an understanding withA Brazil, known as the Brasilia Declaration On June 6, 2003. The declaration called for extended three-party cooperation on strategic, cultural and commercial affairs.A A The three states have besides expanded military cooperation and conducted joint naval exercisings in 2008.India and South Africa Exploring Trade AgreementThe trade between two states continues to see strong growing as on Aug. 31 – India and South Africa are looking into subscribing a comprehensive bilateral trade understanding. India ‘s Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma said â€Å" We are traveling to analyze a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement between India and South Africa, as the state is a strategic spouse, † while at the â€Å" India Show † in Johannesburg. Bilateral trade between the two has been increasing steadily over the last few old ages, with trade figures lifting from US $ 7.5 billion in the 2008-2009 financial twelvemonth to US $ 7.9 billion over 2009-2010. Both states agreed to seek and hit the US $ 10 billion milepost by 2011-2012 While South African President Jacob Zuma was in New Delhi this past June, but that may hold underestimated the trade potency between the two states as bilateral trade has already reached US $ 2.7 billion through the first one-fourth. Sharma said â€Å" It ( the US $ 10 billion trade mark ) is good below possible. I think it is accomplishable by 2011. Then we can look at higher rates † . â€Å" The chances are illimitable. South African corporations are coming to India with optimism. † Sharma besides said that he hopes to wrap up a limited free trade understanding between India and the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) every bit shortly as possible. The SACU is made up of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. The 5th unit of ammunition of negotiations over duty decreases and other barriers to merchandise Union representatives will go to New Delhi following month.India-SACU ( Southern African Customs Union ) Framework AgreementSouth Africa is the largest, most diverse and most sophisticated state in Africa with a Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) three times that of Nigeria or Egypt. South Africa ‘s economic substructure dominates Africa though it covers less than 4 % of the continent and accommodates less than 6 % of its population. South Africa provides more than half of the electricity end product of Africa, moves more tunnage through its ports, has more air conveyance installations than all the other states of Southern, Central and Eas t Africa together. The figure of motor vehicles at about 5 million in that state is more than half of those in the remainder of Africa. South Africa has besides the advantage of a developed and systematic banking system. With a common usage duty policy, South Africa along with Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and Namibia has formed the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) . Since most of the imported goods enter the sub-region through South African ports, a system of usage gross sharing is in topographic point. South Africa and India are members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organisation and has besides finalised a free trade and development understanding with European that provides for gradual liberalization of the two manner trade between South Africa and European Union. The degree of bilateral trade between India and South Africa is rather low at nowadays. South Africa is non a major export finish for India ; neither is the latter calculation in the list of chief merchandising spouses of South Africa. Less than one per cent of India ‘s exports go to South Africa. However, in the last few old ages bilateral trade has recorded a double-digit growing rate between the states. Following this meeting, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade ( IIFT ) was assigned to carry on a desktop survey for determining the feasibleness of come ining into a Discriminatory Trade Agreement ( PTA ) /Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) between India and South Africa. The survey concluded that more than 50 % of India ‘s exports are subjected to a duty of less than 10 % in South Africa and merely 33 % are confronting a duty rate of more than 20 % . On the other manus, 55 % of imports from South Africa face high duties of more than 20 % in India. Merely 34 % of imports from South Africa are subjected to moo duty of 10 % and below. The leaden mean duties in India and South Africa are 22.89 % and 16.35 % severally. The survey concluded that even though the duty rates are more in India, the gross loss that would ensue from bilateral riddance of duty is greater in South Africa. The gross loss in South Africa is projected to be 1.4 times the gross loss in India. The survey besides suggested that as South Africa has a reasonably big import market, an Agreement with South Africa Prima facie is of importance because of its geographical location and rank of sub-regional trade understandings. Subsequently on, South Africa sought verification whether they can include other spouses of SACU for negociating a Comprehensive Trade Agreement. This suggestion was examined by Ministry of External Affairs in audience and the authorization was given to negociate with SACU as a group and non South Africa separately.FDI Scenario in South AfricaHarmonizing to the 2012 World Investment Report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) , South Africa led the sub-region as foreign direct investing ( FDI ) inflows into sub-Saharan Africa jumped by 25 % in 2011. The study, released in Geneva, Switzerland on Thursday, shows that FDI inflows to sub-Saharan Africa soared from US $ 29.5-billion in 2010 to $ 36.9-billion in 2011, a degree comparable to the extremum of $ 37.3-billion achieved in 2008, prior to the oncoming of the planetary fiscal crisis. FDI to South Africa rebounded from $ 1.23-billion in 2010 to $ 5.81-billion, doing South Africa the second-biggest FDI finish on the continent in 2011 after Nigeria, which procured $ 8.92-billion in FDI.Oil, gas manufacturers still dominantGhana ( $ 3.22-billion ) , Congo ( $ 2.93-billion ) , and Algeria ( $ 2.57-billion ) completed the top five African FDI finishs by Unctad ‘s calculation, underlining the laterality of oil- or gas-producing states – South Africa being the exclusive exclusion. Another important African oil manufacturer, Angola, besides received important investing influxs, harmonizing to Unctad, â€Å" but divestment and repatriated net incomes by multinational corporations rendered net influxs negative † . The one-year study found, Continuing addition in trade good monetary values and a comparatively positive economic mentality for sub-Saharan Africa were among the factors lending to the turnaround. For Africa as a whole, entire FDI influxs declined. However, this was due to a bead in FDI to North Africa, with influxs to traditional strong performing artists Egypt and Libya coming to a arrest as consequence of drawn-out political and societal instability in those states.Improved investor perceptual experiencesUnctad said, Overall the continent ‘s FDI chances for 2012 were promising, â€Å" as strong economic growing, current economic reforms and high trade good monetary values have improved investor perceptual experiences of the continent. † South Africa ‘s FDI inflows for 2011 accounted for 13.6 % of Africa ‘s entire as per Unctad ‘s figures, while amounting to 31.8 % of the state ‘s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) in 2011 – up from 9.9 % in 1995. Jorge Maia, research caput at South Africa ‘s Industrial Development Corporation, who presented Unctad ‘s study locally, said the state ‘s investing policy government was â€Å" rather broad compared to other states † â€Å" South Africa is non merely rich in natural resources, it besides has really good substructure comparative to its equals and really good proficient accomplishments, † Business Day reported Maia as stating. Leon Myburgh, sub-Saharan Africa strategian at Citigroup, told Business Day that Africa was executing good in most developed markets and some emerging markets besides. â€Å" Give its comparatively low rate of development, there are high chances for investing across the continent, either for new concern or substructure, † Myburgh told Business Day. â€Å" These are being exploited and will go on to be exploited in approaching old ages.ECONOMIC ENGINESAgribusinessAgribusiness is good organized though a really minor subscriber to the overall GDP. Large piece of lands of land, together with a long 1875 stat mi coastline, foster the production of a broad scope of Marine and agricultural merchandises. Africa has a double agricultural economic system catering to both commercial and subsistence based production. Maize, wheat, sugar cane, oats, and helianthuss are the state ‘s major agricultural merchandises. South Africa ‘s agricultural sector boasts some clear competitory advantages. First, the state ‘s turning season is reverse than that of Europe, offering complementary market chances. It besides has good developed cold concat enation installations and ports. A resource rich state, South Africa boasts an copiousness of mineral resources. In fact, the wealth of the state has been built on these resources. It holds about 90 % of the Pt metals on Earth, 80 % of the manganese, 73 % of the chrome, 45 % of the V and 41 % of the gold. The excavation industry is the biggest employer, with around 460,000 employees and another 400,000 employed by the providers of goods and services to the industry.Gold productionGold production, which one time formed the anchor of the economic system, has lost its lustre in recent old ages. In 2007, China displaced South Africa as the universe ‘s largest gold manufacturer. 95 % of South Africa ‘s gold mines are belowground operations, making deepnesss of over 3.8 kilometers. With worsening classs, increased deepness of excavation and excavation costs, and a slide in gilded monetary value in the 1990s, production fell. As one of the universe ‘s largest manufacturer s of gold, South Africa is more susceptible to slouch in monetary value because its deep degree mines are the highest cost manufacturers in the universe. However, the sector should see a resurgence in the current twelvemonth, on the dorsum of lifting gold monetary values. However, South Africa ‘s excavation sector continues to be the top FDI receiver for the state.Vehicle productionSouth Africa ‘s vehicle production is going a flourishing industry every bit good. It is the 2nd largest country in the fabrication sector and the fastest growth. Almost every planetary car major, has its operations based in South Africa.Other major industriesOther major industries in South Africa are chemicals fabricating, metals processing and pharmaceuticals. South Africa hosts a figure of superior quality infirmaries and well-trained medical staff which has helped enticement investings into the pharmaceutical sector. The fertiliser industry besides looks assuring due to the state ‘s large-scale diversified agricultural sector. Expansion in the Information and Communications Technology and electronics industry has besides been phenomenal, with the mean growing of the state exceling the universe norm. Yet, all is non cheery in Eden. The fabric industry has taken a hit due to increasing competition from Chinese goods. The South Africans have responded with new advanced fabric merchandises contending back. The production of improved parachute cloth, technically knitted cloth used in bomb disposal, fire deceleration kits and specialised medical fabrics are doing their grade in niche markets.Servicess sectorThe services sector is the major subscriber to the GDP. It comprises of fiscal services, touristry, retail gross revenues and telecommunications. South Africa possesses a robust and mature fiscal services sector, which is comparable to the best in the universe. The state ‘s banking sector has a good representation of foreign Bankss and offers modern services like a countrywide web of ATMs and Internet banking services. Mzansi, South Africa ‘s advanced new low-priced banking strategy provides banking services to more than 3.3-million low-income earners – a huge and turning market antecedently untapped by the fiscal sector.Johannesburg Stock ExchangeThe Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the lone stock exchange in the state and the 16th largest in the universe with 400 listed companies. Keeping the differentiation as the fourth-largest emerging market finish for investings, the exchange mopped up $ 9.4 billion in 2005, up from $ 1.5 billion a decennary before.SOUTH AFRICA: A Market FOR Clothing FROM AFRICAA domestic industry in problem has meant a booming import tradeaˆÂ ¦South Africa ‘s vesture sector has been in a province of convulsion and diminution for the last five old ages. The continued growing in imports ( peculiarly from lower-cost manufacturers such as China ) and the strengthening of the South African rand ( R ) against the United States dollar are the two factors blamed for the diminution in local production. However, if makers were honorable with themselves, they would see that the jobs run deeper than external issues. The industry is enduring from old ages of disregard in the countries of engineering and accomplishments. This has made the sector mostly uncompetitive. Whilst the Government is turn toing these issues through a Customised Sector Programme ( CSP ) and more late through the Textile and Clothing Industry Development Programme ( TCIDP ) , harmonizing to critics this steps are viewed as being excessively small excessively late and the sector is non expected to do any dramatic recovery in the short term. The inability of the local industry to fulfill demand for vesture from retail merchants offers an chance for developing state exporters to provide a broad scope of merchandises to the South African market. In 2009, vesture imports, excepting imports from Member States of the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) , amounted to US $ 966.6 million. If the figures from SACU are added to this, entire vesture imports in 2009 amounted to US $ 1.1 billion. Harmonizing to Comtrade informations, this would do South Africa the universe ‘s 25th largest importer of vesture. Over the period 2005 to 2009, vesture imports rose well by every bit much as 42 % . Whilst this addition reflects the diminution in the domestic fabrication sector, it besides indicates the perkiness of the market for consumer goods in South Africa. This perkiness is partially due to the go oning growing of a strong in-between category with entree to larger disposable incomes.The vesture points most in demandaˆÂ ¦In 2009, Women ‘s and miss ‘s jackets, frocks, skirts, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6204 ) , work forces ‘s and male childs ‘ jackets, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6203 ) , knitted jerseies ( HS 6109 ) , knitted New Jerseies and cardigans ( HS 6110 ) , and woven work forces ‘s or male childs ‘ shirts ( HS 6205 ) accounted for 50 % of vesture imports. These are the classs with the highest demand. The merchandise classs that showed the highest growing ( albeit sometimes off a low base ) from 2005 to 2009 are work forces ‘s and male child ‘s greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles, knitted ) ; adult females ‘s and misss ‘ greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles ; knitted work forces ‘s and male childs ‘ vests and other waistcoats, underpants, Jockey shortss, pajama, and similar articles ; adult females ‘s hose ( which rose by every bit much as 165 % ) ; and ties, bow ties and cravats. These offer possible niche markets for competitory manufacturers.China and the remainder of Asia are the largest providers of imports by faraˆÂ ¦At present, over 70 % of vesture imports in South Africa come from Asia, with China entirely lending 59 % of entire vesture imports in 2009. This reflects the nature of the South African market for dressing which is chiefly geared towards the price reduction termi nal ; for this market buying determinations are based on monetary value. Botswana performed highly good in South Africa over the five old ages to 2009, spread outing its supplies by a monolithic 261 % to their current degree. The state now provides 14 % of South Africa ‘s vesture imports. India remains in 3rd place despite a diminution of 2 % in imports over the five-year period. Mauritius is the 4th largest provider and imports from this state have performed highly good, registering a 476 % addition over the period. However, there have been positive signals to exporters in Africa by cardinal alterations in the form of sourcing. In 2005, China accounted for 70 % of all vesture imports ; Asia itself accounted for over 80 % of entire imports. Local retail merchants and importers were forced to diversity their provider base due to infliction of quotas on selected vesture imports from China for a period of two old ages from January 2007.There are niche markets for African exporters to exploreaˆÂ ¦South Africa has a market for large-size vesture that companies in Asia by and large do non hold the capacity to provide. A vesture company with the ability to serve this market section could happen good chances. It besides has a market for companies that are able to work with little minimal orders. Companies of Asia frequently work with minimal order sizes that are far larger than the volumes little and average sized operators in South Africa are able to put. The market for â€Å" green † cloths is turning strongly. Good chances are at that place for companies bring forthing garments from organic cotton or bamboo fiber in South Africa. In add-on, there are the markets for particular goods which the South African vesture industry does non hold the capacity to bring forth. These include points like cushioned jackets, insouciant woven tops and undersides with embellishment-generally anything that requires sophisticated lavation and coating. All these merchandises are imported. The market for babe wear and kids ‘s wear, for which there is limited local fabrication capacity, is besides mature for the picking.Targeting retail merchants straight is the best attack to the marketaˆÂ ¦Approaching the market of South African can sometimes be hard. Retailers, importers and agents tend to purchase from tested and sure beginnings, doing entry into the market a challenge for new providers. A direct attack to retail merchants is frequently the most effectual manner of capturing their attending. It would be wise for companies with strong design abilities to aim retail merchants in their selling runs as a manner of doing their companies known. South Africa offers a platform for making retail merchants through International Apparel, Textile, Footwear and Machinery Fair, held yearly in Cape Town. All the big purchasers and agents gather the carnival. A figure of states choose to put up state marquees at this just. Such marquees work good as they non merely market specific companies but the capablenesss of the single state as a whole.Fashionability is keyaˆÂ ¦The retail sector of South African follows the European market really closely and purchasers will look foremost and first at the fashionability of the merchandise lines proposed by new providers before inquiring inquiries on volumes, bringing and monetary value. Hence Samples or snap presented to retail merchants ever need to be in the latest manners.But attachment to labeling ordinances is besides importantaˆÂ ¦South Africa has stringent labeling demands. All imported vesture must transport labels with the undermentioned information: state of beginning, attent ion instructions, fiber content. Press has late criticized companies that do non use labeling demands strictly. As a consequence, the governments are now clamping down on vesture bearing labels that fail to run into demands.

Common App Essay Essay

How to Write a Common App Essay Entering a college calls for persistence, curiosity, articulation and talent. A common application essay will make it possible to reveal all your talents, background and acquired knowledge. Every student should be well aware of how to write such types of papers. As a rule, there is no difference for the teachers what topic you are going to choose. The only thing that really matters is that your topic is meaningful to you. How to Start a Common App Essay Starting to write such an essay is rather easy. All you need to do is focus on your keen interests, likes, preferences and talents. The term paper is not about boasting your skills or showing off. Yet, you need to point out your key advantages and background on a particular topic. Therefore, choosing an interest style of talking about yourself, basically, selling yourself is of great significance. Common App Essay Topics and Examples Describe a person you admire. Why do you want to attend this school? What is a book you love? What is an extracurricular activity that has been meaningful to you? What is your favorite sport? Who is your favorite author? Who is your favorite actor? Who is your favorite politician? How does a failure affect you? Compare decisions you made while challenging a belief Discuss a formal event Discuss an informal event Share your background What subjects are you good at? Who affects your actions in family? What is your favorite art form? Describe your ideal lecture How will you make friends with your classmates? What is the most defining event in your life? What can influence your choice? Common App Essay Outline and Format A common app essay does not have a strict outline. Nevertheless, it is supposed to be well-organized and structured. Use a traditional outline featuring such defined sections as: Introduction Body Paragraph Conclusion Read more at: Â   Â   Â   dcjkhttps://studymoose.com/common-app-essay-topics

Disadvantages of the studying abroad Essay

The studying abroad is the problem of youth of Kazakhstan The most difficult for a young person is looking for profitable occupation.  «Do you speak English?  » – a question that can be heard at any companies even they are not foreign ones in our country. And if you confidently answer  «Yes, I do!  », you will be supplied with the high-salaried job. It will be good chance for you to take a place in a prestigious company and develop yourself. English language is the most important language in the world, because it is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a â€Å"world language†. As English is an world language, it is the very first problem to know English to make a good carrier. It is expected to know it. They think if they are taught abroad, they will be chosen without any difficulties for this or that position. This necessity leads them to abroad to study. Is it right? However, do you need to study abroad to make a brilliant carrier? Cannot we gain it studying at home? â€Å"Bolashak† is the president’s program for youth of Kazakhstan. It gives a good chance to study abroad for everyone. Even the president of our country supports the study abroad. During the 20 years, there were studied thousands of students and most of them work at the state influential companies. However, do not forget about disadvantages. For 20 -year history of the program 333 people could not complete training – mainly because of their own poor progress while getting knowledge, and 47 students of Bolashak did not return to Kazakhstan. About 300 graduates could not find work at home. Does the president want this? â€Å"Tens of millions of dollars we spend on overseas training, and thus, of course support the foreign universities. Let’s maintain ours† President of Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev President of the Center of International Program â€Å"Bolashak† Sayasat Nurbek reported about unemployment of youth of our country. According to him, about 300 graduate students â€Å"Bolashak† program could not find work at home, despite the excellent education abroad. One reason is the factor of â€Å"high expectations†. â€Å"Students come to the country and believe to take a leadership position with a big salary and an official car. Alas, the real economy demands tough enough. We need employment experience and  understanding of the industry and the specifics of this particular production in Kazakhstan. For example, college graduate comes to us, and I have not been putting his department director since he took the necessary steps to understand the specifics of the industry well even he has an excellent education.† President of the Center for International Programs † Bolashak † Sayasat Nurbek Recall, at the 9th of February, deputy of Majilis Saginbek Tursunov offered to employ graduates of † Bolashak † at the public authorities. Parliamentarian doubted â€Å"whether it is necessary to continue this program and further† as part of the students cannot find work at home. Nowadays, many people continue their studies outside of their country. They think that educations in other countries is better than in their own country. In the world, many students are continuing their studies overseas. For example; Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and USA are the most favorite countries to study. It is believed that the studying abroad is the most significant way to improve your world view. Also the studying abroad gives many students a kind of prestige in their home country. There are some students who want to study abroad because of the pure pleasure and excitement it brings. But living in a foreign country might be difficult at times. As I mentioned before studying abroad has advantages, however it has some disadvantages on students. Some of the disadvantages are being away from your country, spending too much money. The first disadvantage is spending too much money. As Calvin (2007) mentioned â€Å"For students who want the opportunity to study overseas during their time in college, the cost of doing so can seem daunting. According to the Education Abroad Center, studying abroad in China costs $8000. Italy? $10, 000. Paris? Up to $15,000 â€Å". Also as my friend Dosan Nursultan, student of SEGI University in Malaysia, said â€Å"The single ticket for a flight from Malaysia to Almaty costs 90 000 tenge. Return ticket is 180 000 tenge. So, not all can take liberties.† But also many students say that studying abroad is not expensive. They think, it is normal to spend that much money for studying in a foreign country. In my opinion, there is no doubt that it takes money to  study abroad. It all depends on a person, because even if person goes to a foreign country it does not guarantee that this person will have successful future in life. If person has a goal of getting education, he will do whatever it takes to achieve this goal and it does not matter whether he is studying in his homeland or abroad. On the other hand, you can travel in the world with that much money and you could have more world outlook than you would have studying. The second disadvantage of studying in a foreign country is being away from your family. From my perspective, living in a foreign country, even if it is with a host family, means you might be doing things you may not have done in your home country. These include cooking, cleaning, grocery shopping, washing clothes, figuring out transportation, making living arrangements, setting up accounts for cell phones and utilities, etc. those are just some of examples of disadvantage of being away from your family. There are many opinions, which shows being away from family is a wonderful experience for everyone and it could be a wonderful opportunity to be independent. Also, there are a lot of sit uations when teenagers where so overwhelmed with living on their own, without parent control, so they started bad habits. It is third disadvantage. For example, skipping classes, constant pub visit. â€Å"We send bachelors, but they do not suit us, because the low level of training due to the fact that English is learned in the pub, that they were not the best specialists. â€Å"Bolashakers† are different, so we basically take smart, but they are not so much, â€Å"- said Talgat Musabaev at a cabinet meeting on Tuesday. I think he wanted to say about the â€Å"independent† of our students in other countries. The next disadvantage is culture shock. The trauma you experience when you move into a culture different from your home culture. A communication problem that involves the frustrations that come with the lack of understanding; the verbal and nonverbal communication of the new culture, it’s customs and it’s value systems are only a few of the problems. The differences that people may experience include lack of food, unacceptable standards of cleanliness, different bathroom facilities and fear of p ersonal safety. In addition, you will probably have times when you miss your family, friends, food, and everything familiar. Almost everyone goes through some culture shock. When you realize that it is impossible to be at home any time you want, you will understand how difficult being away from your family is. It is a time for  learning and experimentation, and it’s also a time to build your responsibility and sense of self-direction. Overall, it’s a time of discovery and that’s why it’s easy to follow â€Å"influences†. Keep in mind that they grow up in another culture, and I am afraid they will forget their own nation, own Kazakh culture. Teenagers are easily influenced by others. The influences may adversely affect their view of the world as no parents giving them advice. Ambitious young people without life experience can join extremist communities. It is hard to resist â€Å"influences† of all sorts. Most of them are not related to violence. For example in Germany, they use Neo-Nazis music to attract young people or foreign students to join into extremist groups. That is why the parent should control their children, because you do not know what awaits you on border out of the country. The last is studying in a second language. Many people think that studying your major in another language is wonderful for everyone. There are many students who want to go to other countries to learn another language. That is not true for me because you can learn the language in your country. Also many people think that they just need to live in another country and they will learn the local language, but this is not completely true. You still need to pay attention and study. There are people who live in foreign countries for many years without knowing the language well. You have to learn some information about language when you are in high school. On the other hand, studying university is the most difficult part of education. Many people are not able to study at a university even if they study in their native language. For international student it is really hard to study at a university in a foreign country. Because of the difficulties in learning, they can keep up with the program and can complete their education. If I do not trust my ability to communicate, I would prefer to study in my country. In my opinion, the educational system in our country is improving from year to year. In conclusion, everything has two sides: advantages and disadvantages. Each of us should accept that studying abroad has good sides as well as bad one. For sure many students would get over all those disadvantages but how about others who might not be able to handle all of them. It might not be good choice to study abroad for all students. They have to figure it out before they leave their country. Otherwise, those issues would affect all your life with failure. Studying abroad is a good  opportunity to chose, but the advantages and disadvantages must be weighed very carefully before a student leaves the country.

Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay

Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do. Costco’s major competitors are BJ’s Wholesale Club and Sam Club (Costco, 2010). Applying the tools presented in this SSP, Costco provides a detailed analysis for transforming business operations relative to industry rivals. This is done in order to create profits and attain maximum shareholder’s value. A close examination of Costco’s Value chain suggests that the company uses a utilitarian approach, which maximizes the benefits for all stakeholders. The Concept of Value Chain and Information Technology Impact Nowadays, competitive advantage mainly derives itself through information technology in business models. Therefore, such supportive activities as information systems, R&D or general management are usually the most important source of differentiation advantage. Technology innovations continue to shape Costco’s value chain. Through information technology, Costco obtains strategic significance by changing the way companies operate. The most important concept is the value chain an organization has entrenched itself in; incorporating communication increases cooperation which leads to the productivity process of connecting groups that create activities toward a value system. Costco usage of the smartphone applications is only used to make personal judgments and predict purchases. Costco utilizes social media platforms to enhance online shopping. The company continues to offer online shopping to its members. However, custom er’s privacy is at risk using the smartphone data, and the corporation acknowledges this problem to their members (Costco, 2010). In addition to this threat, smartphones diminish the use of cash. Organization’s Value Chain Analysis Value Chain analysis evaluates each step business goes through from inception to finality. The goal is to maximize the value for the total cost. Costco’s mission is to provide their members with quality goods and services at the  lowest possible prices. The company’s mission, values and strategies suggest Costco uses a broad enterprise strategy which fits in the societal framework. To ensure employee motivation, Costco offers them a unique banquet of benefits. This include; paying health benefits for them, 50% higher wage, employee retention of over 90 percent, and maintaining employees even during recession periods (Costco, 2010). The Company’s strength is its primary value chains which split into two distinct functions: Demand fulfilment and Demand generation. Demand fulfilment includes input logistics, operations, and output logistics. Demand generation involves sales, marketing, and service department which breaks down into sub-tiers. Costco’s support activities include HRM, technology development, firm infrastructure and procurement. Costco’s weaknesses are difficult to pinpoint; one weakness is persistent low operating profit margins. Bigger profits can occur by not paying employee benefits and with demanding higher returns from their suppliers. The problem would be at what cost? Costco receives cost advantages from value adding major (brand items) activities. However, it continues to experience a challenge from Sam Club and BJ’s Warehouse, also have a membership fee to shop for great deals (Mascarenhas, 2004). Linkages and Value System Mr. Porter introduced the generic value chain model in 1985. Value chain represents all the internal activities a firm engages in to produce goods and services. VC is formed primarily of activities that add value to the final product directly and support activities that add value indirectly (Value Chain analysis, 2013). According to Porter and Millar, (1985, p. 154) several factors needed in analyzing how information technology might works for your organization. By identifying and ranking the ways in which information technology creates a competitive advantage, it determine the role of information technology in the business structure, and the impact it has on the business world. References Costco (2010). Why Become a Member. Retrieved from: http://www.costco.com/membership-information.html Finne, S. (2008). The retail value chain: How to gain competitive advantage through Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) strategies. Kogan Page Publishers. Gilmartin, B. (2014). Costco Earnings Preview: Superb Execution, Perennially Overvalued Mascarenhas, O. (2004). Customer value-chain involvement for co-creating customer delight. Journal of consumer marketing, 21(7), 486-496. Porter, M. E., & Millar, V. E. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149-160 Williamson, G. (2014). A Simple but Powerful Strategy That Can Lead To Multibaggers. Retrieved from: http://www.dailyfinance.com/2014/03/04/play-follow-the-leader Value Chain Analysis | Strategic Management Insight. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html