Was the US Supreme Court Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Essay

Was the US Supreme Court Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Roberts an Example of Judicial Activism - Essay Example Judicial activism was not apparent in the recent Supreme Court decision even if the decision imposed certain changes in the law being passed. These are incidental results in the exercise of its functions, with the end goal of ensuring the compliance of the laws with the constitution. Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Overview of Supreme Court functions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Judicial review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Judicial activism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Judicial activism v. Judicial review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... With this decision, the legislative requirement for Americans to have health insurance by 2012 was upheld. This decision also supported the mandate to buy health insurance - an individual mandate - as a constitutional application of the legislative taxing power. Majority of the justices ruled that the individual mandate was not an effective application of the Congressional Commerce Clause or its Necessary and Proper Clause authority. Majority of the Supreme Court justices also assented to the fact that the expansion of the Medicaid was not a valid application of legislative spending power as it illegally mandates states to accede to the expansion or else lose their Medicaid financial privileges. This decision has been filled with various complications for the ACA and the HCERA, with significant changes in the original mandates passed by Congress. This prompted President Obama, as well as other analysts and interest groups to be cautioned against judicial policy-making or judicial act ivism. They further argue that the actions of the Supreme Court in these suspected cases of judicial activism are tantamount to a violation of the separation of powers. On the other hand, others are quick to argue that the judiciary is appropriately exercising its powers of adjudication, in the valid application of principle of checks and balances. Based on these opposing views, this paper shall discuss whether or not judges should be policy-makers and whether or not the Supreme Court health care decision written by Chief Justice Roberts is an example of judicial activism. This paper will be based on the decision itself, including related news media and think

Business and Research Project Essay Example for Free

Business and Research Project Essay JC Penny has been running successfully for close to 90 years. Most entrepreneurs and managers face the same dilemmas at times. The choices one makes are the basis for his or her company success. The CEO of JC Penny Ron Johnson was faced with many management dilemmas. The first of many dilemmas that Ron Johnson was faced with was to innovate or conserve JC Penny. Innovation is important, but one should also focus on new applications and new markets as well. However, the revenues of innovations are in the future. One needs also to get the maximum out of one’s current business. According an article published by Forbes â€Å"Ron Johnson did not try and solving the real problem with JC Penny. Sales fell some 25%. The stock dropped 50% He spent lavishly trying to remake the brand. He modernized the logo, upped the TV ad spend, spruced up stores and implemented a more consistent pricing strategy. But that all was designed to help JC Penney competes in traditional brick-and-mortar retail. Against traditional companies like Wal-Mart, Kohl’s, Sears, etc† (Hartung, 2014). If the leader or manager does not invest there comes a time when the current business declines without new innovation to take over JC Penny revenues. If a manager invests too much, it may end up endangering the continuity of the current business. According to Joshua Kennon â€Å"J.C. Penney saw sales fall from $19.903 billion in 2007 to $12.985 billion in 2013. This caused the firm to go from a pre-tax profit of $1.792 billion to pre-tax losses of $1.536 billion, a staggering swing of $3.328 billion. Dividends were slashed, book value destroyed. There were rumors the company was surviving by pushing payable bills and hoarding cash† (Kennon, 2013). The purpose of learning team C’s research is to identify the most important factors to customers that are considering shopping at J.C. Penney. This statement speaks to the researcher’s attention and states goal or objective of the research. This statement will evaluate errors that were made J.C.  Penny’s top management, putting the company into a very vulnerable predicament with the core customers. The factors that will be considered are directly associated with management errors such as: †¢Misreading what shoppers want- coupons, sales price/clearance items †¢Not testing the ideas in advance- assuming the culture was the same as other companies †¢Alienated the core customers †¢Misreading the JC Penney brand †¢Not respecting the JC Penney company overall From these errors the team will provide research questions to include in the paper, gather the information the is related to the customer most recent shopping experience with the company to develop a proposed research plan to address the most management dilemmas. Draft of Research Questions Learning team C intends to research the reasons J.C. Penney had a decline in customer core base and sales which almost led to the demise of the company. This research will be conducted via survey with the intent of possibly salvaging the creditability of the company. Our learning will provide surveys to adults that have shopped J.C. Penny either online or in the store within the last two years. The survey questions used would supply management with opportunities to test potential marketing strategies to revive sales and retain the company’s initial core customer base. LTC will provide the following questions to gather data for research in the survey: †¢What is the age group/gender of the participant †¢How far from home will he or she be willing to drive to the store †¢What is the importance of coupons and sales price/clearance items †¢How frequent does the participant shop online or in the store †¢How important is the brand name that is provided by the company †¢How important is the atmosphere of the store (i.e. Arizona, IZOD, Dockers, etc) †¢How important is the culture of store (i.e. is food courts or specialty boutiques important) After compiling a more precise list of question to provide for the survey, we will rank the factors from least to greatest importance to determine the  decision making process for J.C. Penney current dilemma. Conclusion Eventually, JC Penny did fire Ron Johnson and rehired the previous CEO Mike Ullman, who stills faces big challenges. JC Penny has posted sales drops and losses in its first three quarters. As JC Penny attempts to recover from its dilemmas from the period in which it alienated consumers, and infuriated its employees, its new CEO Mike Ullman, is making headway in trying to purge corporate ranks and bring the customers back to shopping at JC Penny. In business leaders or managers all face some challenges that if left unaddressed such as JC Penny dilemma can massively affect the business. The good news is that there is now a solution in place to help JC Penny return to being successful. References Hartung, A. (2014). Two Wrongs Wont Fix JC Penney. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01.asp Kennon, J. (2013). The Collapse of J.C. Penney – What Caused It and Can It Be Fixed?. Retrieved from http://www.joshuakennon.com/the-collapse-of-jc-penney-what-caused-it-and-can-it-be-fixed/

Baseball Essay -- essays research papers

I stood yesterday afternoon engaged in the immense time consuming game of baseball. I stood there contemplating on what ideas, mainly about baseball, were being distorted and confused. Then it hit me†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is much dissatisfaction in the fact that baseball, besides all other sports, is played at an exceptionally sluggish rate and in most cases might not ever end. Many spectators see baseball as a boring sport that wastes their time. I mean just imagine what else you could be accomplishing if you weren’t sitting at a baseball game relaxing with your family, enjoying a delightful hotdog, on a nice summer day, while watching your favorite team play Although baseball seems especially appealing to people, there are others who believe that no matter what the situation is, whether it be day or night, summer or winter, preseason or playoffs, baseball will always keep it amazingly leisurely pace and keep its viewers hypnotized by its incredible monotony†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is indeed natural for people to consider from experience that if something seems tedious then it most likely is; but no one ever thinks about the people who essentially recognize the truth about baseball. These people, whether black or white, tall or short, fat or skinny, are the athletes, rich or poor, who play the sport and realistically know the true joys of their sport†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is nothing more common among...

Willa Cathers Sexual Preference :: Biography Biographies Essays

Willa Cather's Sexual Preference      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A highly discussed subject about Willa Cather is whether or not she was a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   lesbian. There are arguments for every side of the topic, but given the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   amount of information we have, its clarity, and the vagueness of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   period itself, all of it can be used for every side.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One aspect that people questioning Cather's sexual preference concerns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   gender identity greatly. This gender labeling system that everyone is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   familiar with is very simple and logically sound, but not true to all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   points of nature. It creates stereotypes, and stereotypes by definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   are attributes to certain things thought to encompass all that share its   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   label. The common idea that is bred into everyone's minds during childhood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   is that girls act girly and boys act like boys. Girls that play with dolls   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and have tea parties are girls, and when they grow up they will like boys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boys that play with trucks and army stuff are boys, and when they grow up   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   they will like girls. But, if girls play with trucks, they will grow up to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   be boys and like girls, and boys that play with dolls will grow up to be   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   girls and like boys. This image generates the idea that these children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   will grow up trying to be something they're not.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This mainstream way of thinking has flowed into gender roles, including   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   roles of the lesbian community. According to these unknown rule makers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     that happen to be everywhere like Big Brother, there are butches and there   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   are femmes. Butches are not attracted to other butches, and vice versa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hence, butches take the male role and femmes take the female role,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reproducing a heterosexual couple. Because of his dominant ideology, women   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   who identify as both or neither are ridiculed and scorned by their own   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   community. Those that are both are seen as freaks of nature. The set   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   structure says you must be one or the other.

Aids in Africa Essay 14

Nicole Nickerson African Politics 11/18/2009 Aids in Africa AIDS is an unfortunate and deadly disease that affects the body which is caused by HIV. The body will try to fight off the disease but as time goes on the body will start to shut down will not be able to fight off things such as bacteria and viruses. Over 58 million people have been infected by this disease and over 22 million have died from AIDS. The epidemic spreads each and everyday, the death toll of this epidemic can not be foreseen until there is a full wave form that is seen. Africa is one of the most known continents for the AIDS epidemic. It has affected most of the countries since the late 70’s early 80’s. The WHO estimates that 12 million HIV-positive Africans are merely the tip of an iceberg; it also reports, however, that the epidemic has thus far produced only 331,000 cases of AIDS from 1981 to July 1994 (Geshekter, 5). According to the WHO estimate this shows that the 99. 95 percent of the people in Africa do not have AIDS, but 97 percent of those who have HIV were not yet proven to have developed AIDS. During the initial stages of the epidemic in the 1980s, the disease was concentrated in the so-called AIDS belt in Central Africa which encompassed the then Zaire, Kenya, Zambia, and Uganda (Agyei-Mensah, 442). In the 1990s, the disease began to spread southward to include Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and westward to Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, Liberia, and Ghana (Agyei-Mensah, 442). It is now 2009 and there are countries that may not exist anymore due to the AIDS epidemic. AIDS in Africa has been one of the biggest issues facing African politics since the early 90s. Numerous studies into the AIDS epidemic in Africa have been conducted by Western medical and governmental organizations, as well as African medical and governmental organizations. The inherent difficulties facing the problem of Aids in Africa include unstable or ineffective African governments, poor or non-existent economies that are further hampered by the effects of aids, and cultural differences that create bias both in the reporting of the number of cases of aids and he symptomatic presentation of HIV/AIDS cases. These problems make it very difficult to combat a disease that has taken the lives of many millions of people. South Africa has a stable government but their policies on AIDS have been ineffective. In 1994 the country was criticized for prevarication and confusion on the policies that they set forth to help AIDS patience’s. The government was being blamed for misjudgment , inadequate analysis, and bureaucratic failure. The country had set up two different prescription policies to fight AIDS which were mobilization/biomedical and nationalist/ameliorative paradigm. Mobilization/biomedical would emphasized society-wide mobilization, political will, and anti-retroviral treatment, while the nationalist/ameliorative focused on poverty, individual responsibility, palliative care, traditional medicine, and appropriate care (Butler, 592). There were problems with both paradigms because of they were underpinned by different assumptions that the government needed to respond to appropriately. The AIDS policy of 1994-2004 in South Africa was brought forth by the African National Congress, the ANC-aligned United Democratic Front and the National Party government’s ministry of health to bring together a policy to fight AIDS. At the end of 1993 there were over 2,000 cases of AIDS and 500,000 people with HIV; the government had predicted that by 2000 there would be four to seven million cases of HIV with about 60 percent of death rates due to AIDS (Butler, 593). The policy was endorsed by the incoming minister Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini- Zuma who was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa (Butler, 593). The policy was overestimated just as all other policies were during this time of the economy and of human resources of an incoming government. The competing claims on resources in poor provinces demanded administrative reconfiguration and had undermined implications (Butler, 593). The tenure of Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma had plagued the finical of the non-government sector and health profession. There were many scandals and corruption while trying to run this policy to help AIDS victims. In 1997 the president in waiting Thabo Mbeki promised a new outlook on this pandemic by having greater public awareness and new institutional mechanisms to address the challenges of AIDS. Mbeki had put forth new institutions to teach life skills, condom promotion, and a renewed communication strategy but these places were still unstaffed to help show the people how to stay protected. The new treatments were resisted and the government was avoiding funding AVR therapies. South Africa had policies in affect to try and fight the AIDS epidemic such as the two paradigms of mobilization/biomedical and nationalist/ameliorative. This has caused a shift in alliances and schools of thought. There were many supporters of the mobilization/ biomedical paradigm because it would prevent the transfer of HIV from mother to child and to prevent exposure to prophylaxis for rape victims and health professionals. The supporters were later at the forefront of demands for an upscale ARV treatment program. The ameliorative paradigm was missing the ARV entirely and critics argued that it did not respect the biomedical science. Mbeki had advanced the ameliorative paradigm in 1999 and he failed. The critics criticized Mbeki for failing to mobilize resources, humans and financial, behind the government response (Butler, 597). Mbeki was criticized for silences more than his words and the attributions of irrational and denials of them. The critics believe that with the delay of ARV treatment this results in denialism. Though the government of South Africa has tried to put out policies to prevent and fight the AIDS epidemic they have failed in many ways. The leaders of South Africa have put forth policies that they believed would work for its country, but they can not celebrate or say they are winning the war on this pandemic. The government was unable to muster human resources for a universal ARV program due to political and economic defects which has delayed teaching people how to protect themselves from AIDS across the nation. Zimbabwe on the other hand is not stable when it comes to government and has been ineffective on the AIDS pandemic. There are many organizations that can help fight this epidemic but in Zimbabwe due to its wars with itself, it has yet taken any action to put up a fight against this disease. This is the worst hit country on the continent of Africa. This country fights amongst itself with coups and tribal wars. Instead of the country coming together as one to fight the war on AIDS they rather fight against each other. According to one article it states that the Zimbabwean government had swept this disease under the carpet instead of putting out policies to fight it. President Mugabe publicly acknowledged the national epidemic for the first time in April 1999, when more than 1,200 Zimbabweans were dying each week from the disease (Boone & Batsell, 10). President Mugabe, although he will occasionally wear an AIDS ribbon, has never taken the sort of leadership stance (Boone & Batsell, 10). In April 1999 AIDS victims were dying 1,200 in a week stance; this goes to show that Mugabe did not take responsibility for his country and make policies to save and protect his people from this disease. The people of Zimbabwe can not speak out against there leader because if they do it would cause war and chaos. The country is already in chaos not only because of loss of life due to AIDS but because of economic and tribal wars. The leaders of Zimbabwe are not making a fuss about AIDS like most other countries in Africa they are keeping it quite it makes the country seem suspicious. In the case of AIDS NGOs in Zimbabwe, limited political capacity may be due to their origin and mandates (such as providing basic services to highly localized clienteles), funding governmental, church-based, or external sources, or the absence of any organizational hold on or claim to represent their clients and constituents (Boone & Batsell, 16). The country of Zimbabwe is centralized and ruled by one person, Mugabe is not putting up a fight to control the AIDS epidemic in his country and other countries see this. There are organizations that are willing to help but Mugabe refuses to get help from them such as the NGO. The country will soon have no lives left in it if the leader refuses to put out policies to protect its people from AIDS. Though Zimbabwe and South Africa have been ineffective in the fight on AIDS at least they have put an effort into trying to help its people, where as in he country of Somalia the government is non existent and there are no policies set forth for this country to control AIDS. The country has faced civil war for over 10 years so it is very hard to fight a war on a disease when the country is fighting against one another. The government can not make policies for a disease when they are worried about war with in the country. The government of Somalia has done more harm to its citizens then it ha s done good, so overall the people of Somalia are not going to trust its government to make policies that are going to benefit their well being. The people would rather go to a different country and try and survive by other policies than depend on the government to protect them and teach them about the AIDS epidemic. The country of Somalia is failing due to its own economic and warfare problems. The only way this country will have a population in years to come is if another country steps in and takes control to not only help with the AIDS problem but also stop the civil war that has gone on for over 10 years. Uganda is one country that has refused to back down on fight the AIDS epidemic. AIDS prevention and education programs have lowered the HIV infection rate (Boone & Batsell, 9). Uganda where AIDS has been curbed most dramatically, the infection rate estimated to be near thirty percent in 1991 is now estimated at around twelve percent (Boone & Batsell, 9). In June 2000, UNAIDS Director Peter Piot called for U. S. $2 billion to provide for more Uganda-style prevention and awareness campaigns in Africa (Boone & Batsell, 9). This shows that even a country with poverty and economic problems can succeed in fighting AIDS if the policies are enforced. Some critics do not understand that Uganda is fighting AIDS and other countries such as Zimbabwe and South Africa are having such a hard time control the AIDS epidemic. The reason Uganda is doing so well is because President Yoweri Museveni adopted a nationwide plan to combat AIDS in the mid-1980s, when Uganda was facing the most staggering increase of AIDS cases of any country in the world (Boone & Batsell, 9). The most distinguishing feature of Uganda's AIDS program, a characteristic which has yet to be matched by any other African country, is sustained political commitment at the highest levels-even the health minister took to the streets to distribute condoms (Boone & Batsell, 9). The President stood behind his country by taking charge and turning a horrible disease into something to learn about and protect his people from. He did not just sweep it under the carpet like the leader of Zimbabwe. As the years go on Africa’s economy gets worse by the days due to AIDS. The two major effects on the economy due to AIDS is reduction in labor supplies and increased cost. The loss of adults at their most productive years will affect over economic out put and if AIDS is more prevalent among the economic elite, then the impact could be worse then the number of deaths caused by AIDS (Bollinger & Stover, 3). The cost of AIDS will affect the people of these countries due to lost time from illness, care for orphans, and costs for the company to have to find more workers. Then there is fact of having little money and having to cut into savings which reduces investment and could lead to significant reduction in economic growth. The economic effects of AIDS will be felt first by individuals and their families, then ripple outwards to firms and businesses and the macro-economy (Bollinger & Stover, 4). The economic impact of AIDS on house holds will cause extreme damage. The member of the family who gets sick and is the main provider for the family will lose income. The medical bills will begin to dwindle in more and more causing debt putting the household into more carnage. Mother or daughters will begin to miss work and school to take care of the ill person, which also cause less of an income into the family. Death results in permanent loss of income, funeral cost as well as removal of children from schooling to save on experience which in the long run causes loss of future expansion. There is a backlog for those children who are orphans and are suffering from AIDS. The planning process for the government in providing this housing is made more complicated, and thus more lengthy, through the impact of HIV/AIDS (Bollinger & Stover, 5). Although fewer units will probably be needed because of AIDS deaths, the structure of households may change, making planning more difficult: households may become headed by children; households may be even poorer than before and so unable to pay for even the most basic services; and the number of people per household may decrease (Bollinger & Stover, 5). AIDS does not just impact households it will over time impact agriculture, firms, and other economic sectors such as health, transport, mining, education, and water. The macroeconomic impact on AIDS is the most difficult assess. Most studies have found that estimates of the macroeconomic impacts are sensitive to assumptions about how AIDS affects savings and investment rates and whether AIDS affects the best-educated employees more than others. Few studies have been able to incorporate the impacts at the household and firm level in macroeconomic projections (Bollinger & Stover, 11). According to Bollinger and Stover a recent set of projections of the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa estimated that under the high impact scenario, the population size would be 22% smaller in 2010 than it would have been without AIDS. Without AIDS, the model predicts that the population would be about 59 million people in 2010, while under the high impact scenario; the population would be only 46 million people. The same model predicts that life expectancy will decrease by 45 percent under the high impact scenario, from 62 years without the impact of AIDS to 34 years under the high impact scenario. There are things that can be done to control AIDS and help the economy of Africa from being destroyed completely. A few examples are mitigating affects of AIDS on poverty, making programs to address specific problems, and preventing new infections (Bollinger & Stover, 15). The government not only has to deal with the policy making to fight AIDS and deal with the different economic struggles that it faces because of AIDS but it also has to deal with the different cultural issues that makes it difficult for the government to use its sources to combat the problem. For example in the country of Rwanda there is a cultural difference between the Hutu and Tutsi. These two civilizations dislike each other due to governmental issues and due to the genocides of one another in past years. It makes it hard for countries like this to be able to come up with a policy that is going to work for everyone when they are fighting one another. Then there are some cultures that refuse to use condoms which does not make it easy to protect people from developing AIDS if they have more then one partner. A country has to have the ability to control its people and educate them on this disease because if not then those countries will end up having no population or may not exist any more. Then there is the case where some cultures people will not take medicine that is not natural. An example of that is priest or clergymen claiming that there is a miracle cure for AIDS but in some countries commercials of the sort have been banned from being played. For many people living with HIV/AIDS, their faith also extends to the skills of traditional doctors and herbalists, while for others their religious faith overlaps with non-Christian or non- Muslim belief in traditional cosmology and the spirit world as expressed through witchdoctors (Love, 645). In one sense, the strength and pervasiveness of these institutions may be regarded as a response to exclusion from Western scientific bio-medical treatments: an exclusion determined by political and economic structures often with global tentacles as outlined above, but in another, they also reflect the depth and institutional complexity of ‘traditional' societies in their negotiation with externally introduced change (Love, 645). This is more then likely very frustrating to the government if they spend all this money to make policies for people to not take the medicine to help ease their pain but instead take natural substances to believe they are being cured when they are being hoaxed. Africa has a long way to go for its countries to over come this epidemic. There are many problems within these countries that need to be taken care of if they are going to succeed in making policies that will teach and protect its populations. The countries of South Africa and Zimbabwe are well known for there failing policies to fight AIDS. South Africa is better off then Zimbabwe because it actually tries to make policies to help its people where as Zimbabwe would rather sweep it away and pretend that it is not a problem. It seems that Somalia may be lost cause when it comes to making policy on AIDS. This country has more problems dealing with is civil war then dealing with the deaths of millions of people due to AIDS. The only way this country would be able to survey or have some type of population in the future is if another country came in and took over the government or organization that is willing to h stop the war and focuses more on the problems of its economy and health problems. Uganda is the one country that some critics don’t understand how it is doing so well on policy making for the AIDS epidemic. Uganda has kept HIV infection rates in check through aggressive, state-initiated public education campaigns. The governments that have generally dealt openly with the AIDS challenge Uganda have tried (albeit with uneven commitment and success) to cultivate broad legitimacy by encouraging some grassroots participation in the political process (Boone & Batsell, 18). Organizations have tried to use Uganda along with other countries as an example for countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe which are having a rough time with control AIDS. AIDS has taken a toll on economic stability in all countries in Africa. The more AIDS cases that are known the more the countries become more poverty stricken. More children are left with out parents each and everyday due to AIDS, this also in time will live the child with out a home and living on the streets causing more poverty. The government can only provide so much for children, there are thousands of children who are orphans due to AIDS and the government can no support all of them. Political leaders need to learn from countries like Uganda so their economy will not deteriorate more then what it already has. The cultural outlook on AIDS is a very difficult one for the government of countries to deal with. If the country spends money on policies that people are not going to recognize or live by then the country will fail and over time there will be no life. It is understandable that certain people live by their tribal cultures but if it means life over death then they should succumb to what the government is doing to save lives. Millions of dollars are spend each year to find a cure to AIDS, but if these people live by their cultures way and do not believe in western science then they will fall causing the end of their tribe and culture. There have been numerous studies into the AIDS epidemic in Africa have been conducted by Western medical and governmental organizations, as well as African medical and governmental organizations. The inherent difficulties facing the problem of Aids in Africa include unstable or ineffective African governments, poor or non-existent economies that are further hampered by the effects of aids, and cultural differences that create bias both in the reporting of the number of cases of aids and the symptomatic presentation of HIV/Aids cases. These problems make it very difficult to combat a disease that has taken the lives of many millions of people. Based on the facts in this paper if the countries of Africa do not form good policies or come together as one unit then not only will the countries loss lives the whole continent will become a blur. Work Cited Agyei-Mensah, Samuel, ‘Twelve Years of HIV/ AIDS in Ghana: Puzzles of Interpretation’ Canadian Journal of African Studies 35. 3. (2001) pp. 441-72. Bollinger, Lori & Stover, John. ‘The Economic Impact of AIDS in South Africa’ 999. pp. 1-16. Boone, Catherine & Batsell, Jake, ‘Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research Agendas in Political Science and International Relations’ Africa Today 48. 2. (2001). pp. 3-33 Butler, Anthony, ‘South Africa’s HIV/AIDS Policy, 1994-2004: How Can it be Explained? ’ African Affairs 104, (2005). pp 591-614. Geshekter, Charles, ‘Outbreak? AIDS, Africa, and the Medicalization of Pov erty’ Tradition 67. (1995) pp. 4-14. Love, Roy, ‘HIV/AIDS in Africa: Links, Livelihoods & Legacies’ Review of African Political Economy 31. 102. (2004). pp. 639-48

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts A patronymic surname translating to son of Robert, from the Welsh given name Robert, meaning bright fame. The surname is derived from the Germanic elements hrod meaning fame and beraht meaning bright. The origin of the name Roberts is  Welsh and  German and is the 45th most popular surname in the United States as well as the sixth most common surname in Wales. Quick Facts The nickname for Robert is typically Bob or Bobby while the feminine form is often Roberta or Bobbi.The Normans historically introduced the surname Roberts to Britain allowing it to be popular in places like England, Wales and Ireland.Roberts can also be attributed to the Italian root connected to Rupert and is connected to Flanders by the names Rops and Rubbens.The popular fictional character and childrens toy doll, Barbie, is also known by her full name as Barbara Millicent Roberts. Alternate Surname Spellings RobertRobartsRobinsRobartRopartzRobbertsRopertRuppert Famous People Julia Roberts:  American actress popular for films Pretty Woman, Steel Magnolias, and Erin Brockovich. She is one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood.Rick Ross:  His real name is William Leonard Roberts II. Rick Ross is a rapper and label boss who was first signed to P. Diddys Ciroc Entertainment.Doris Roberts:  Famous television actress known for her role in the popular series Everbody Loves Raymond. She had also been on Desperate Housewives, Greys Anatomy and other TV shows. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Roberts Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Roberts surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Roberts query.FamilySearch - Roberts GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Roberts surname and its variations.Roberts Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Roberts surname.Cousin Connect - Roberts Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Roberts, and sign up for free notification when new Roberts queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Roberts Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Roberts. Check out the resource First Name Meanings to discover the meaning of a given name.  Suggest a surname  be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins if you are unable to find your last name listed. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Free Essays on Culture Bound Syndrome

Throughout my reading, the most interesting syndrome/Illness was the Culture-Bound Syndrome. The DSM recognizes this syndrome suggesting that one’s culture and social environments have an important influence on the development of abnormal behavior. I completely agree with the diagnosis of this syndrome having witnessed a form of it throughout my adolescence. When I was a teenager, I attended a middle school called Chestnut Street School. I found the obsession not only to fit in, but the obsession among girls of my age was to have the need to â€Å"prove† themselves. Chestnut Street was considered to be a tough school. As the environment (being the products of low to middle classed income) was not so much â€Å"I need that pair of Abercrombie jeans† it was more of â€Å"I need to prove myself for respect†. When I was fourteen years old, my family moved to Ludlow (an high middle to upper income class town). My thoughts and beliefs that I was brought up to know changed a dramatic 360 degrees. Instead of the â€Å"I must prove myself for respect attitude, it changed to â€Å"I must have that new Abercrombie tee†. Or, I will do anything to be in the popular crowd. Of course my not growing up in this environment benefited my (now that I am looking back. I think the confusion of the â€Å"two worlds† brought me to be myself. I felt no need to be popular – nor could my family afford the latest, most expensive clothes. So the â€Å"Ludlow Syndrome† never quite caught with me. Thinking back now – what was my culture? Being schooled, then taken out of the â€Å"Chestnut Syndrome†. I didn’t have that obsession either. To conclude my experiences, my two worlds let me find the true me. I was able to distinguish myself from some of the people affected by the culture syndrome. Not only did some of the high school students have this illness in a severe manner, but I also think that it is not only learned from their cultur... Free Essays on Culture Bound Syndrome Free Essays on Culture Bound Syndrome Throughout my reading, the most interesting syndrome/Illness was the Culture-Bound Syndrome. The DSM recognizes this syndrome suggesting that one’s culture and social environments have an important influence on the development of abnormal behavior. I completely agree with the diagnosis of this syndrome having witnessed a form of it throughout my adolescence. When I was a teenager, I attended a middle school called Chestnut Street School. I found the obsession not only to fit in, but the obsession among girls of my age was to have the need to â€Å"prove† themselves. Chestnut Street was considered to be a tough school. As the environment (being the products of low to middle classed income) was not so much â€Å"I need that pair of Abercrombie jeans† it was more of â€Å"I need to prove myself for respect†. When I was fourteen years old, my family moved to Ludlow (an high middle to upper income class town). My thoughts and beliefs that I was brought up to know changed a dramatic 360 degrees. Instead of the â€Å"I must prove myself for respect attitude, it changed to â€Å"I must have that new Abercrombie tee†. Or, I will do anything to be in the popular crowd. Of course my not growing up in this environment benefited my (now that I am looking back. I think the confusion of the â€Å"two worlds† brought me to be myself. I felt no need to be popular – nor could my family afford the latest, most expensive clothes. So the â€Å"Ludlow Syndrome† never quite caught with me. Thinking back now – what was my culture? Being schooled, then taken out of the â€Å"Chestnut Syndrome†. I didn’t have that obsession either. To conclude my experiences, my two worlds let me find the true me. I was able to distinguish myself from some of the people affected by the culture syndrome. Not only did some of the high school students have this illness in a severe manner, but I also think that it is not only learned from their cultur...

Chemistry Pick Up Lines to Try on Your Crush

Chemistry Pick Up Lines to Try on Your Crush ​The best chemistry pickup line is sure to set off the reaction for chemical attraction! Here is a collection of cute, corny, funny, and possibly even effective chemistry pick up lines. For best effect, wear a lab coat while delivering a chemistry pick-up line. Safety goggles may help you out, but wearing disposable gloves might come across as creepy. If you really want to make an impression, learn a few science magic tricks. Who wouldnt be impressed by your ability to breathe fire or make glowing drinks? Are you made of copper and tellurium? Because youre CuTe.Do you have 11 protons? Cause youre sodium fine.Are you a carbon sample? Because I want to date you.You must be made of uranium and iodine because all I can see is U and I together.Forget hydrogen, youre my number one element.If I was an enzyme, Id be DNA helicase so I could unzip your genes.Chemists do it on the table periodically.Youre like an exothermic reaction. You spread hotness everywhere.Are you made of Fluorine, Iodine, and Neon? Cause you are F-I-Ne.If I had a choice between DNA and RNA, Id choose RNA because it has U in it.Hey baby, Ive got my ion you!According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, you are supposed to share your hotness with me.You must be a compound of barium and beryllium because youre a total BaBe.Youre hotter than a Bunsen burner turned up all the way.Hey baby, would a little more alcohol catalyze this reaction?I wish I was adenine so I could get paired with U.Your body must be made of oxygen and neon because you are the ONe. You must be chlorine cause you are polarizing my bond.How about we go back to my place and form a covalent bond?If you were an element youd be Francium because youre the most attractive.You are a photon quanta to my valence electron because you excite me to a higher energy level.My favorite attractive force is van der Waals force. Can you feel it? Ill move closer if you cant.You make me hotter than sulfur hydroxide mixed with ethyl acetate.When Im near you I undergo anaerobic respiration because baby, you take my breath away.Im so strongly attracted to you, scientists will have to discover a fifth fundamental force.Lets find our combined volume by displacing the liquid in my waterbed.We have such great chemistry that we should do some biology together.You are the HCl to my NaOH. With our sweet love, we could make an ocean together.Lets get together sometime. You bring your beaker and Ill bring my stirring rod.I want to stick to you like glucose.Are you made of beryllium, gold, and ti tanium? You must be because you are BeAuTi-ful. Are you into science? Because I LAB you!Are you a non-volatile particle? Because you raise my boiling point.Scientists have recently discovered a rare new element called Beautium. It looks like you are made of it.You must be the acid to my litmus paper because every time I meet you I turn bright red.Could you tell me the oxidation state of this atom and your phone number?My name? Its Bond. Covalent Bond.Honey, were a galvanic cell. Cant you feel the electricity flowing between us?You must be a good benzene ring because you are pleasantly aromatic.How about we slip between my beta-pleated sheets and you get to know my alpha-helix?

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your Assignment

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your choice - Assignment Example Such policies address the 4C’s, which is another trait of the Harvard HRM theory. The 4C’s, which stand for the commitment, competence of the workers, and the cost effectiveness and congruence of an organisation’s HRM department, are factors that contribute to the company’s overall effectiveness. Most human resource divisions monitor processes such as the employment, training, and appraisal of their employees. Recruitment An organisation’s recruitment process can either be external or internal. It might consist of functions such as advertisement in elements of the mass media, job application procedures, selection, and finally training. Prior to engaging in hiring, most organisations will do researches on the existing suitable candidates for the available positions and then conduct tests on all applicants so as to find out their areas of competence. Recruitment is a vital stage for all organisations because hiring semi skilled workers can adversely a ffect a company’s productivity. It is not regarded by corporate heads as a process that is the responsibility of junior heads. Recruitment usually requires the input of management executives and long-term planning to ensure that the best candidates are gotten for the existing vacancies. In the recent past, there has been a lot of competition between different companies for the most talented workers between different companies. Most recruiters wish to employ well rounded workers who will fit in with their corporate cultures and add positive characteristics to it. Recruiters also tend to look for candidates who can work well in teams or groups and will actually motivate others through their contributions. In many cases, even skilled candidates have to undergo a period of training in order to learn more about their new company. Most organisations use rigorous employment methods in order to ensure that they only use their resources to train candidates that will give back to the c ompany. Employee Development and Training There is a different training program for new workers in every organisation. Each company’s training program is concerned with its particular needs. It is not just the new recruits who develop from training programs in most companies, but the existing workers can also learn new skills that might enable them to benefit from promotions. Making new plans for recruitment programs is also a program that helps companies to discover areas where they might need to improve or develop more. To make sure that they have competent training programs, most organisations evaluate the existing programs for shortcomings and then make the needed improvements while incorporating new procedures. In the present, business arena, most organisations use different methods to train new recruits. There are many companies, for instance, that make use of online training when seeking to hire students or employees from far flung locations. Using this kind of distant learning is a cost effective measure as it trains potential workers on all aspects of operations of the company while saving on travelling costs. Students, particularly, are enthusiasts of this method because they may be qualified and apply for a position even while taking their final

Are rules or principles more important to any discussion of law Essay

Are rules or principles more important to any discussion of law - Essay Example However, on a balance, Hart’s theory of law is more important to any discussion of law. The discussion that follows examines both theories and demonstrates why Hart’s theory is most essential to discussions of law. Dworkin takes the position that law functions primarily on principle. By taking this position, he systematically rejects Hart’s rules’ principle. Principles in the context of Dworkin’s theory contemplate norms, policies and principles in general.3 Principles, for the most part will determine how a legal issue will ultimately be decided. While principles do not make law they are determining factors.4 Rejecting Hart’s contention that judges are permitted to use discretion in determining difficult cases, Dworkin maintains that judges are bound to consider standards used by previous judges. There is according to Dworkin an answer for every legal conundrum. The answer is found in society’s morals and values.5 Dworkin divides discretion into two categories. They are weak and hard discretion. With respect to weak discretion Dworkin concedes that judges are permitted to exercise discretion only by reference to his authority. However, Dworkin rejects the notion that judges may exercise discretion in the hard sense. In other words judges are not permitted to exercise discretion outside of his or her authority.6 The general right to exercise discretion implies that the decision maker is not bound by standards and authority.7 Hart takes an entirely different approach. Judges can only legislate to a certain extent.8 As a positivist, Hart advances the theory that law is the entirety of obligations and rules. There are some instances where ambiguous rules are applicable and the courts are forced to decide between two or more applicable rules. In such a case the judge is not bound by any particular authority or standard and has an unfettered discretion.9

DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DB4 - Essay Example Objectives Our aim is to introduce a new operating system in the market and eventually gather a market share. To accomplish that, we need to: establish an offline and online presence by writing product articles for print and new media, establish networks with probable clients through conferences, and establish business relationships by partnering with other software development companies. Competitive Environment and Analysis Different categories of computers use different operating systems and the market share varies widely from one category to another (e.g. Desktop and laptop computers, mobile devices, etc.). The main players, however, in the operating system market are Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix, and Apple. As of the last quarter of 2010, the combined market share of these companies for different categories is around 95%. While most of these companies have huge market shares in desktop computers and mobile devices, our operating system specializes in customized applications whi ch include car entertainment systems, DVD players, and corporate computers, to name a few. Target Market The primary target market for our product is original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

Stage III Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stage III Final Project - Essay Example Through the Human Resource Information System (HRIS), current problems on recruitment, maintenance, development of human resources; as well as complying with payroll and accounting requirements would be ultimately solved. The ADP Workforce Now answers Castle’s Family Restaurant’s governance and management of HR needs. Through the system, any increases in future personnel requirements through additional employment or even through the establishment of new branches could be addressed with greater ease and accessibility. All personnel who would be required to handle the software system would be trained and oriented on its use, functionality and benefits for the organization. More importantly, the ADP Workforce Now would be designed to cater to the organization’s distinct needs and would adhere to standards of privacy and confidentiality by instituting safety guards and software precautions. The ADP Workforce Now ensures that Castle’s Family Restaurant’s HR needs would be maintained and guarded with utmost care to address the organization’s utmost resources.Introduction The client, Castle’s Family Restaurant, operated and managed by Jay Morgan, is a micro family enterprise within the service classification of the food retail industry. With its eight restaurants within the North California area, managing and overseeing the human resource requirements of Castle’s was creating a toll on Mr. Morgan in terms of increasing transportation costs and the inclusion of payroll under his scope of responsibilities. A close evaluation and review of the current problem of Castle’s Family Restaurant that requires an installation of a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) under the Tactical Information System type. The ADP Workforce Now has been evaluated as the most appropriate HRIS vendor to serve the restaurants’ human resources’ needs. Company Review The Castle’s Family Restaurant (CFR) falls under the micro family enterprise due to the number of employees, ranging from 300 to 400. As research from the Small Business Administration (SBA) reveals, the business size could be determined depending on any one of two factors: the number of employees or the average annual receipts. For an average number of 500 employees, SBA classifies the business as a small business (Small Business Administration, N.D.). Since CFR’s average number of employees is less than 500, it is thereby categorized as a micro enterprise owned by a Castle’s family. Additional research indicated that the restaurant industry is a growing industry with trends indicating increased competition and a demand for rising work force (National Restaurant Association, 2011). One could deduce that to address increasing requirements for human resources, a more professionalized system needs to be set in place. Business Analysis The CFR maintains eight restaurants with complex human resources requirements. Mr. Morgan, the operations manager, is likewise assuming the responsibilities of an HR manager with functions ranging from job description, acquisition, development, and maintenance. By doing so, various problems are eminent: overburdened with responsibilities increasing tendencies to neglect functions; and being more costly in terms of transportation co

BRITISH ELITE ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Research Paper

BRITISH ELITE ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE - Research Paper Example In light of such representation at high profile events, the role of managers has become a matter of interest to stakeholders in athletics. Managers are highly trained individuals in the theory and practice of athletics. Different managers specialize in different fields. Managers in athletics have the task of overseeing the development of athletes from average performers to elite performance with the ability to perform competitively with the best athletes from all over the world. In light of the competitive nature of elite sport, the biological, psychological and physical development of British athletes is crucial to the attainment of expertise and successes in representing Great Britain in both international and local sport events. To achieve this, Managers have a crucial role to play. Good athletes’ management involves the benchmarking of every aspect of the athlete’s performance management with a view to ensuring their transition into elite level performers. In addition to that, good management of athletes involves a review into factors such as effective athletes’ management in such areas as training, coaching, leadership, social support, skills dissemination, among others and its influence in the achievement of goals among British athletes. In the collection of data for this research, the primary research involved designing a questionnaire, which was administered to a selected group of elite British athletes. Interviews were also conducted to carry out the survey. The analysis of the interviews and questionnaires clearly demonstrates that effective management of British athletes has a relationship with success in international and local sports events. This is in line with the hypothesis of this research. However, there were some limitations to the collection of data such as the small sample size and the limited number of respondents to the interviews and questionnaires. Further, while the researcher has identified that

Stage III Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stage III Final Project - Essay Example Through the Human Resource Information System (HRIS), current problems on recruitment, maintenance, development of human resources; as well as complying with payroll and accounting requirements would be ultimately solved. The ADP Workforce Now answers Castle’s Family Restaurant’s governance and management of HR needs. Through the system, any increases in future personnel requirements through additional employment or even through the establishment of new branches could be addressed with greater ease and accessibility. All personnel who would be required to handle the software system would be trained and oriented on its use, functionality and benefits for the organization. More importantly, the ADP Workforce Now would be designed to cater to the organization’s distinct needs and would adhere to standards of privacy and confidentiality by instituting safety guards and software precautions. The ADP Workforce Now ensures that Castle’s Family Restaurant’s HR needs would be maintained and guarded with utmost care to address the organization’s utmost resources.Introduction The client, Castle’s Family Restaurant, operated and managed by Jay Morgan, is a micro family enterprise within the service classification of the food retail industry. With its eight restaurants within the North California area, managing and overseeing the human resource requirements of Castle’s was creating a toll on Mr. Morgan in terms of increasing transportation costs and the inclusion of payroll under his scope of responsibilities. A close evaluation and review of the current problem of Castle’s Family Restaurant that requires an installation of a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) under the Tactical Information System type. The ADP Workforce Now has been evaluated as the most appropriate HRIS vendor to serve the restaurants’ human resources’ needs. Company Review The Castle’s Family Restaurant (CFR) falls under the micro family enterprise due to the number of employees, ranging from 300 to 400. As research from the Small Business Administration (SBA) reveals, the business size could be determined depending on any one of two factors: the number of employees or the average annual receipts. For an average number of 500 employees, SBA classifies the business as a small business (Small Business Administration, N.D.). Since CFR’s average number of employees is less than 500, it is thereby categorized as a micro enterprise owned by a Castle’s family. Additional research indicated that the restaurant industry is a growing industry with trends indicating increased competition and a demand for rising work force (National Restaurant Association, 2011). One could deduce that to address increasing requirements for human resources, a more professionalized system needs to be set in place. Business Analysis The CFR maintains eight restaurants with complex human resources requirements. Mr. Morgan, the operations manager, is likewise assuming the responsibilities of an HR manager with functions ranging from job description, acquisition, development, and maintenance. By doing so, various problems are eminent: overburdened with responsibilities increasing tendencies to neglect functions; and being more costly in terms of transportation co

Drainage Facility Design for Car Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drainage Facility Design for Car Park - Essay Example A proper drainage facility should be designed to avoid any water logging situation in the park. The runoff from the car park will depend on the rainfall. Rainfall at a point varies significantly with change in season and occurance. Hence, it is utmost important to have sufficient information on the maximum rainfall in the area. By knowing the amount of water coming into the catchment of car park will determine the quantity of water flowing out from it. The water flowing out of the car park will also depend on the type of parking surface, water traps in the parking area and time of concentration. This will greatly influence the water flowing out to the sewers. The water coming into the parking area could be determined by use of various hydrological modelling and it is also possible to develop different scenarios of the same. World is facing serious problems due to changing climate scenario. This change is due to unplanned use of resources and pollution caused due to the same. Changing carbon concentration in atmosphere has affected the climate system. This has also resulted in ever increasing natural disasters throughout the world in the form of earthquakes, cyclones, flood, drought, tsunami etc. The frequency of less probable extreme events has increased and the world is facing serious problems to meet MDG. ... The frequency of less probable extreme events has increased and the world is facing serious problems to meet MDG. With globalization and technological advancement people are looking for coping mechanism to live with the shrinking resource base. A major impact of this climate change has been on the rainfall pattern. The frequency, intensity and duration of the rainfall in many parts of the world have changed significantly in the recent past. Flash floods, acid rains and high intensity rainfall is a unique feature. Surface hydrology depends largely on the precipitation pattern, it is important to estimate forecast to reduce damage. Water harvesting is an effective way to conserve water resources. Runoff from the parking area could be used in many ways. Normally, there is provision to collect this water and divert it into sewer for safe disposal. This water could also be used for storage and recharge purposes in the areas with less rainfall availability. Recharging of the aquifer by use of this water is a good idea. The major task while planning for these systems is to calculate the maximum rainfall for the region. Various methods are used in estimating the probable maximum rainfall for an area. 1. Construction and the use of IDF curves: Intensity-duration-frequency curves are used in determining the intensity of rainfall. It is commonly used to calculate the value of (I) in rational method. These curves are the graphical representation of the probability of occurance of a rainfall of average intensity. The rational method illustrates a proper application of IDF curve. IDF curves should not be used to obtain storm runoff volumes. The Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve is

How Far Do Sociologists Agree That Education Benefits the Ruling Class Essay Example for Free

How Far Do Sociologists Agree That Education Benefits the Ruling Class Essay The debate outlined above suggests that some sociologists believe that education benefits the ruling class, however other sociologists may argue that education benefits everyone or just men. To address this issue I will be looking at both sides of the argument and I will assess to what extent sociologists agree that education benefits the ruling class. Some sociologists; such as Marxist agree with the statement above that education benefits the ruling class. One reason for this is that they believe that education brings about social class reproduction, to benefit them. This means that rich can afford to go to big successful private schools, and then go onto having successful jobs, whereas the poor will continue being poor, as they cannot afford to go to private schools and therefore will not achieve the same grades as the ruling class and will not get as well paid jobs. They believe that the working class do not achieve in education because of their material deprivation and cultural deprivation meaning that the working class will not achieve as much as the ruling class, as they cannot afford to buy books, tutors or equipment like the ruling class can. Another reason Marxists agree with this statement is because they believe that through education the wealthy learn to rule, and the working class learn to be ruled. They believe that there is a hidden curriculum where the working class learn respect, authority, punctuality and hard work. This will then prepare them to be obedient workers for the ruling class, who will then exploit them to make a profit. Furthermore, Marxists believe that education transmits ideology; this means it puts the working class in a false consciousness this means that the working class cannot see that education therefore they do not start to revolve, and do anything about it. According to Marxists meritocracy is just a myth, and education is not fair as it favours the wealthy. On the other hand, other sociologists such as functionalists disagree that education benefits the ruling class. According to the functionalism education benefits the whole of society. They believe that the main purpose of education is secondary socialisation; this is where pupils learn important norms and values e.g. respect, manners, punctuality, and hard work. They learn this through social control and sanctions; these sanctions could be punishments, rewards, formal or informal. Functionalists believe that education helps maintain order in society, and without order there would be chaos (anomie). They also believe that education provides a sense of national identity, like being a British citizen. Another reason that functionalists disagree with the statement is because they believe that education performs occupational role allocation, this is where pupils will get a job according to their talents or skills therefore the most talented or most skilled will get the highest paid jobs. Functionalists believe that education provides the institution of work with skilled workers; this is the idea of organic analogy, where each institution is society work together to benefit one another. Functionalists claim that education is a meritocracy and that education is fair and based on equality of opportunity. They also believe that education provides an opportunity of social mobility, where the working class can move up the social class system if they work hard enough. Another function of education is that it provides child minding, therefore when the child is at school it allows both parents to work and earn money. Another view this is the feminists view, they disagree that education benefits the ruling class, however they believe that education benefits men. They claim that the role of education is to benefit males, to maintain a patriarchal society, where men dominate society. They do this by socialising students into traditional gender roles, where the females learn to be a housewife and the males learn to be the breadwinner. This is achieved through subject choice, and career advice, these are often based on stereotypes. For example, males will learn engineering at school, whereas females will not more domestic subjects such as cooking and sewing. However, this view may not be as relevant today as since the 1980s girls have been achieving better at all levels, which suggests that society is now less patriarchal and girls now have more opportunities. After assessing both sides of the argument, it is evident that education does benefit both the ruling class, and the working class. I think this because although education doesn’t benefit the working class as much, it does teach them important morals such as not to steal etc., I also believe that the education does benefit the ruling class, as it teaches them skills for the future, however I feel as though education is no long patriarchal as girls are achieving better then boys. Overall, I have come to the conclusion that education benefits everyone, some maybe not so much, but I believe everyone gains from education whether it is skills to work, or morals.

The Modern Machiavellian Prince

The Modern Machiavellian Prince   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Machiavelli wrote The Prince as an instruction manual for all princes to use as a rule book for ruling successfully. Machiavelli stressed the importance of stability in a kingdom and for the ruler to have complete control over his entire kingdom. The Prince was written mainly as a guide book for a prince to maintain his power and then to maintain his throne. To Machiavellis prince, the greatest good would be to have a moral and stable state so cruel actions are justified as protection. The main attribute to Machiavellis prince is that he must be loved and feared at the same time. A loved prince would result in people willing to do anything for him but they could go against their word unless he was also feared. When Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 he dedicated it to Cesare Borgia, his ideal prince. Today, the modern Machiavellian prince attributes are depicted in Vladimir Putin, the Prime Minister of Russia. Putin is loved by his people but makes n o attempt to hide the fact that his main goal is to advance Russias influence on the world and he uses Machiavellis advice to protect his growing country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following Machiavellis advice of always maintaining himself in princedom, unless deprived of it by some extraordinary and irresistible force, and even if so deprived will recover it (Machiavelli), Putin recovered his lost Presidential power by becoming the Prime Minister of Russia on May 8, 2008. As Prime Minister, Putin had more power than he did as President: Putin gained government control over the large monopolies and since nothing increases the reputation of a prince so much as great enterprises (Machiavelli) people began to trust him more with their finances. Once he had control over the monopolies, he was able to blame the collapse of the Russian economy in August 1998 on the monopolies (Russian Profile). When Putin gained control over the monopolies he was able to manipulate what the money was being used for and where it was going. With this knowledge, Putin was able to significantly reduce Russias foreign debt and gain popularity from all clas s levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After being accepted by the upper class because he did not raise taxes, Putin aimed at getting the respect of the lower class. Machiavelli states that a prince should shower benefits upon them [the citizens], they are yours; they offer you their blood, their substance, their lives and their children (Machiavelli 75) and this is exactly what Putin did. The poverty level in Russia was over 30% when Putin became Prime Minister but it dropped to below 17% when he acted upon his ideas (Washington Post). Putin perfected the system of privileges by putting it under complete government control: The system of privileges was designed to help poverty stricken people purchase the food and goods they need to survive (Russia Profile). Strictly following The Prince, Putin made sure that he was considered giving: It is a good thing to be considered generous. But if liberality is not openly displayed for all to see, no one will ever hear about it (Machiavelli). Donating money to the Russian army for many years, Putin tried a more public approach; he organized an auction. In this auction Putin auctioned off a painted that he painted for $1.14 million dollars, promising all of the money to be given to the Russian government to help repair the economy or for any other use the found necessary (New York Times). Putin was able to show people how generous he was and gain more support in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout The Prince, Machiavelli poses the question It is better to be loved more than feared or feared more than loved? Ideally, one ought to be both feared and loved (Machiavelli 70). Putin was defiantly loved by his people but he was afraid that they did not fear him enough. However, he quickly averted their belief that he was there to be their protector. He is, in a sense, protecting the Russian people but he does believe that people should not be punished when they do wrong. Putin resurrected torture colonies which people are sent to when they commit a crime against their country. The colonies range from torture by holding heavy weights and running to some of them imitating Nazi Death Camps. Putin relies on his people to for support and if they do not both love and fear him, he could lose his power forever. After a bitter argument over who played a larger part in World War II, Putin decided to cut off all oil flow to Poland. Putin knows that Rus sia controls most of the oil and gas and can use controlling it to manipulate countries to collapse to Russias desires since oil and gas are necessities. Machiavelli states that the wise prince will rely on what he can control and not on what is in the control of others and Putin ordered a gas cutoff to the Ukraine because of a commercial dispute and not a part of Moscows long-standing campaign to undermine Ukraines pro-Western government (Washington Post). Putin finally has a weapon he can hold over every country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Putin is still the Prime Minister of Russia and shows no signs of stopping his search for power. He recently developed a pipeline through Siberia so he can control the flow of oil and gas to all countries. Vladimir Putin is a modern day version of Machiavellis prince because he is power hungry for himself but makes it look as if he is doing it for his country. The Prince is all about how well you can lie to your people. They will love and fear you based on what they see you do, not on what they hear about you. Putin embodies all of the traits that Machiavellis prince had almost five hundred years ago. Works Cited Putins placemen pull the strings Telegraph. Telegraph.co.uk: news, business, sport, the Daily Telegraph newspaper, Sunday Telegraph Telegraph. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. . Russia Profile Putins Economy Eight Years On. Russia Profile Russian politics, Russian business, Russian current affairs and society. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. . The Prince. Machiavelli.1513 Vladimir Putin News The New York Times. Times Topics. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. . Vladimir Putin Wages a Cold War With a Heating Fuel washingtonpost.com. Washingtonpost.com nation, world, technology and Washington area news and headlines. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. .

The Navajo Code Talkers Essays -- History Navajo Indians Language Essa

The Navajo Code Talkers During the Pacific portion of World War II, increasingly frequent instances of broken codes plagued the United States Marine Corps. Because the Japanese had become adept code breakers, at one point a code based on a mathematical algorithm could not be considered secure for more than 24 hours. Desperate for an answer to the apparent problem, the Marines decided to implement a non-mathematical code; they turned to Philip Johnston's concept of using a coded Navajo language for transmissions. Although this idea had been successfully implemented during World War I using the Choctaw Indian's language, history generally credits Philip Johnston for the idea to use Navajos to transmit code across enemy lines. Philip recognized that people brought up without hearing Navajo spoken had no chance at all to decipher this unwritten, strangely syntactical, and guttural language (Navajo). Fortunately, Johnston was capable of developing this idea because his missionary father had raised him on the Navajo reservation. As a child, Johnston learned the Navajo language as he grew up along side his many Navajo friends (Lagerquist 19). With this knowledge of the language, Johnston was able to expand upon the idea of Native Americans transmitting messages in their own language in order to fool enemies who were monitoring transmissions. Not only did the Code Talkers transmit messages in Navajo, but the messages were also spoken in a code that Navajos themselves could not understand (Paul 7). This code actually proved vital to the success of the Allied efforts in World War II. Because the Code Talkers performed their duty expertly and efficiently, the Marines could count on both the ... ...ation Fund: 1975. McColm, George. "An Ungrateful Nation." American History. May 12 1999. <http://www.binary.net/edjolie/02972_text.html> Nash, Gerald. The American West Transformed. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1985. "Navajo Code Talkers in World War II." May 12 1999. <http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-2.htm> Paul, Doris A. The Navajo Code Talkers. Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing Co. Inc., 1973. Sanchez, George. "The People" A Study of the Navajo. Lawrence: Haskell Institute Print Shop, 1948. Shaffer, Mark. "Navajos Fighting for War medals, Highest Honor for Code Talkers." The Arizona Republic. May 12 1999. <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/> Department of the Interior. You asked about the Navajo! Lawrence: Haskell Institute, 1961. Indian Affairs Bureau. The Navajo. Report of J.A. Krug, Secretary of the Interior. 1948.

to health and back Essay -- essays research papers

To Health and Back To understand health care and its complexities, let’s first take a look at how it is defined in the dictionary. The American Heritage Dictionary defines health care as the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions. Now that we have a definition of health care let us further explore and understand the concepts of traditional and alternative health care. To begin with, all American health care is provided to patients by a diverse array of entities. There are nonprofit hospitals, which may be operated by county governments, state governments, religious orders, or independent nonprofit organizations. There are for-profit hospitals, which are usually operated by large private corporations. There are many outpatient clinics, which may be operated by any of the above organizations or may be a partnership of health care professionals (essentially a large medical or dental group). Finally, there are some health care professionals who individually, or in a group, practice for personal profit. Costs of medical supplies (consumables), machines, tools, and pharmaceuticals are usually passed through to the patient or their insurer. The default legal situation has always been that the patient must pay out-of-pocket in full for all services rendered, as with any other service industry; this business model is known as â€Å"fee-for-service.† But today, fee-for-service is only for the minority of people who are not covered by any kind of insurance. Most people are covered by some kind of cost-spreading insurance which distributes the risk of illness and the cost of health care among a group of people. This means that each individual or their employer pays predictable monthly premiums, so that when any given individual needs health care, they will have to pay up-front one of the following: (1) nothing (increasingly rare), (2) a minimum part of the total cost (a deductible), or (3) a small part of the cost of every single procedure (a co-payment). The entity that provides the health care is usually not the same entity that does the task of spreading the cost of it. The exceptions are health maintenance organiz ations like Kaiser Permanente which run their own hospital and clinic networks to control costs, and a few employers whic... ...itals clean them up and nurse them back to health, then discharge them to the street at the first legally justifiable opportunity; and then the same patients are back in the ER in three to six months after becoming critically ill again. The hospital often ends up absorbing the full cost of care, since many homeless people are convicted drug addicts, which makes them ineligible for almost all federal and state assistance programs for the poor. In the end, hospitals spread the cost to the patients who can pay (by raising prices on everything), which only further increases the total cost of health care for everyone. This increase in total cost may also cause additional people to become uninsured as insurance companies pass on the cost. Finally, the unavailability of preventive care and the high cost of paying out-of-pocket means that many working-class persons delay visiting an emergency room as long as possible. In turn, such persons are more vulnerable to catastrophic diseases that could have been much more easily treated if identified early through regular checkups (like cancer and heart disease). The financial cost of treating those diseases at a late stage is also much higher.

Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay

The culture that I have chosen to write about for this paper is the culture of India. It can be both a demographic culture and a spiritual culture, depending on the particular beliefs of the client. The people of India have multiple beliefs about health. India has both conventional and traditional beliefs about medicine and illness. Food and religion are giant factors when it comes to certain Hindu people, depending on his/her personal beliefs. People from Indian culture hold the preparation of food and the food itself in very high esteem. An exercise of Indian culture that is widely accepted includes only eating certain types of foods, not eating certain foods during illness or not eating any food at all according to the type of illness contracted. This practice is called â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† (in Sanskrit). It has also been said that if this practice is followed correctly than the majority of diseases and illnesses can go without being treated by medicine. Religion is also a major part of the culture in India when it pertains to disease and caring for illness. The majority of the people living in India practice Hinduism. According to most Indian religions, the people believe that it is vital to bathe regularly under running water. This can be problematic for patients that are confined to the bed or that have urinary catheters or colostomy bags because he or she may feel â€Å"unclean† and in some cases believe that he/she is unworthy to pray. Vegetarianism, meditation or prayer, and karma are other facets of Hinduism that might affect one’s beliefs about illness and seeking care or illness. Each caretaker for a person of Indian culture or someone that practices Hinduism must be aware of the practices and traditions concerned with both and must be willing to provide sensitive care accordingly. This can majorly affect whether or not an individual will choose to seek care. If a client thinks that their caretaker will not be willing to assist him/ her according to their cultural or religious beliefs, the client may chose not to s eek care at all, which could negatively benefit them. The main concern would be to let the client know that you are willing to abide by and care for them in accordance to the client’s beliefs. If the caretaker is unaware of some of the stipulations, the caretaker should be unafraid to ask. Most times the client will be happy to help give you the knowledge you may need to care for him/her. As a caregiver for a person of Indian culture or who has a strong Hindu belief system I would be interested to know the details of â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† so that I could respectfully assist them with the clients diet if he/she becomes ill. I would also assist them in any way I could with bathing so that the client could feel like he/she is â€Å"clean† enough to practice prayer or meditation freely. Knowledge about client’s personal beliefs is vitally important to the extremely personal role a caregiver could play in a client’s life.

Lady Macbeth, the three witches and Macbeth Essay

The play was set in 1040 in Scotland; it deals with the issues in his life that is still relevant today in order to fulfil his emission. Macbeth starts out as a national hero and co leader of the Scottish army, he quickly gains popularity. Until one day he receives a prophecy, which turns him on an evil rampage. Where he sets off in a killing spree to try and become king. However he has doubts and maybe even some regrets about his choices. It seems to mess with hiss head for example after he killed Duncan he keeps seeing what he thinks is his ghost, is he sane? Other characters include Lady Macbeth, the three witches, Banquo, Duncan, Malcolm and Mac duff. In total there are 32 characters. Lady Macbeth is a very strong minded character. She can be very ruthless at times; she is very supportive of her husband but can also push him into things. She has a strong influence on him when committing several murders. She knows what needs to be done to get the job done. This would be very different from the typical Shakespearian woman who would have been very quiet and little power over their husbands her opening soliloquy introduces her as a very strong character that will stand up and fight for what she believes in. If it had not been for lady Macbeth the murder of Duncan may not have went ahead as it was mainly her who put him up to it. She also went back for the daggers that he used to murder him so this stopped him getting caught, this shows that she doesn’t want any harm to come to her husband and she clearly must love him. However what she had turned Macbeth into would be his down fall. She had turned him into something he had never wanted to become, a cold blooded murder. Back in Shakespearian people were very scared and believed fully in the supernatural. They would have heard stories of these sorts of things so when they heard of the three witches telling prophecies they would have been wary. The appearance and strange characteristics of the witches also added an effect. Their clothing added a 3rd dimension to their character, the way they are descried â€Å"the ripped old dirty rags†. Their skinny bodies, cold withered faces add to the disturbing image. All in all not the sort of people you want to meet in a dark alley. When they told Macbeth that he would become king if he killed Duncan, this had a very strong influence on Macbeth. If it had not been for them he would have never thought twice about killing him. The help of the witches soon led to many regrets â€Å"neither man nor woman can harm him† said the witches. The witches may have liked him all along; this is why they told him their predictions. Macbeth’s character changes dramatically through the play, so also do peoples views of him. In the beginning he is introduced as a highly respected general, a hero! Soon becomes easily scared and persuaded into bad things. I think this show how the pursuit for power can destroy your life. Macbeth had a great position and lots of respect but it wasn’t enough. He gave every thing he had to pursue being king and look here it got him, committed terrible deeds and the people just lost all respect for him.

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Essay Example The prosecutor analyzed the defendant’s explanation of the occurrence with the view of establishing inconsistencies that would help either incriminate the defendant or discover a potential evidence with which to determine guilt. The cross-examination process followed the defendant’s account of the occurrence. The defendant has defiant time to recount the events as he remembers them and as expected, the defendant took the opportunity to acquit himself of any claim thereby denying any connections with the crime. The vehement account from the occurrence portrayed the defendant favorably as he explained everything, as he believed they occurred. However, the prosecutor could not fail to observe several features of the account since he deliberately omitted issues that would readily incriminate him. The prosecutor therefore asked systematic questions allowing him time to respond appropriately. During the cross examination, the prosecutor sought to establish features of the defendant’s account that would help prove his theory about the crime. The prosecutor therefore asked systematic questions often developing effective follow up questions that would help him achieve his objectives. The defendant†™s attorney often rose to either object to some of the questions that he believed would incriminate or frustrate his client. The judge often either granted or denied the two factions chances as he deemed fit. The judge analyzed the accounts and the issues presented by the parties thereby determining the consistencies presented by each party. The final argument was the judge’s justification of his punishment. He claimed that the punishment would help reform the individual while the man would serve as an example for other people in the society who would act similarly in the future. This implied that the court cases have myriad functions a feature that consequently influences the precedents that judges make and use when making their

The Dark Ages Documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Dark Ages Documentary - Essay Example The interesting phenomena in this episode pertains the rise to power of Clovis, who was a Frankish leader. He made great efforts in uniting tribes and advocated the conversion of people to Christianity. In order to have many converts, Clovis spent his time establishing good relationships with the Catholic Church. However, despite his efforts, his rule was characteristic of punishments evident during the Dark ages. Other rulers during this period found it difficult controlling their kingdoms. The events witnessed during the 5th century contributed immensely to the realization of the revitalization later on in the 8th century (Cantor, 2002). The documentary is important as it aids in understanding about the development of the Roman Empire to its present state. The different cultures in the episode have developed through a series of stages to the current state. Therefore, the documentary plays an important role in showing the characteristics of the cultures during this period. The documentary achieves its aim of showcasing the cultural issues happening during the Dark Ages

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and Essay

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and antistructuralists on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. What are the implication - Essay Example An example of Game Theory would be if Company X makes product X, and Company Y makes product Y. A third company, Company XY, buys product X and Y to produce product XY. Company X, Company Y, and Company XY would be named as players under the Game Theory. If Company X raises the cost of their product, Company XY is affected. The rise in product X’s cost could even affect Company Y, if Company XY’s chooses to increase the price of their product with the result of lower sales of product XY. Game Theory has a few elements that are important to mention. As mentioned before players are one element, the other elements include payoffs, actions, and rules (Jaquier 2003). Players are the actual firms. Payoffs are the rewards or punishment of the players in the game. In the scenario above, Company X could have been punishing Company XY or rewarding Company Y, depending on the circumstances. Actions are the decisions made by the players. The rules define the players, actions and pa yoffs. This makes up the basics of Game Theory. An oligopoly is a couple of large suppliers controlling a particular market. The market concentration is normally high. Companies encompassing an oligopoly produce brand quality products. Barriers exist for firms on the outside an oligopoly, due to the necessity of brand quality products the firms on the inside of the oligopoly produce. The interdependence between companies in an oligopoly is vital. Each company in an oligopoly must anticipate what the other companies/players will decide concerning investments, prices, or any other important business decisions. Economists seek to predict these decisions by using Game Theory (Oligopoly 2005). Game Theory helps players logically figure out the decisions other players will make. Game Theory not only helps predict players decisions, but has an impact on politics, other businesses, pricing of products and services, locations for industrial plants, and even enviormental issues

Assassinations in International Relations Essay

Assassinations in International Relations - Essay Example l relations. Such acts by the powerful countries need to be discussed on the parameters of the three theories of international relations, namely realism, liberalism, and constructivism (Wait 2011, par. 1). The theory of realism is based on assumptions. There are two competing branches of realism based on the assumptions about the behavior of the state, one is the neorealist theory of Kenneth Waltz and another is postclassical realism, which is not similar to Waltz neorealist theory. The impact of the theory of realism crosses the threshold to enter the non-realist theories such as liberalism, another political theory based on the positive human values such as right to freedom, favoring democratic rights. So far an exchange between the two theories has not been fruitful because the neorealist theory stresses with sureness that such an interaction would be a useless exercise. Constructivist theory was an attempt to find new means away from the theories of realism and liberalism. A cons tructivist sees the international relations as â€Å"an interactive process in which the ideas and communications among agents serve to create â€Å"structures†. These structures, in turn, influence the ideas and communications of the agents.† (Rourke 2007, 30). Seeing the height of extremism in political spheres at global scale, supporters of assassinations find nothing wrong morally to indulge in cutting the head of the dragon itself as there is no other option left using military force on the large scale by waging a prolonged war with no end result in sight. War affects the innocent; the actual culprits cannot be nabbed. The â€Å"ethical disconnect,† pervades as stated by Ralph Peters by not making a direct attack on dictators like Saddam Hussein committing atrocities on innocent people; it is devoid of ethical logic. Nonetheless, the norm against assassinations of such scale and kind have been there, which, off late, have been broken by the major super powe r, the U.S. Actually, this norm has been residing in ethical injunctions of basic moral principles in global politics getting strength from the design of international system (Thomas 2000, 106-7). Discussing the reality aspect of the norm as a concession, Thomas (2000, 123-24) states that states were against the norm to assassinate a foreign leader as it was not worth the effort. Assassination was observed as inefficient tool of foreign policy because of doubt over the success of the assassination, as leaders’ security was unassailable. Another reason of going against the norm of assassinations was not getting the desired outcomes of serving the purpose. Thomas findings on norms and practices related to international assassinations indicate how the assassination norms have shifted greatly over time. According to Thomas, it was a quite common foreign policy tool in old times, but a number of changing material factors and evolving normative principles started strong norm agains t the killing of foreign leaders because preference was given to fight of the armies on the battle ground and also because

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 61

Assignment Example 12. Restrictive covenant refers to specifications not to undertake certain things for example; one may be restricted to build a house that exceeding a certain height. On the other hand, Easement refers to the rights that the land owner enjoys over the real property of another land owner. License is an authority or permission to do something which could be illegal if permission was not granted (Ayotte, Kenneth and Henry, P-119). Restrictions of a license may include; the license does extend all the rights of a patentee to the licensee, it only give him the right to use a property but not to posses it (Ayotte, Kenneth and Henry, P-119) 14. Eminent domain is a legal procedure that allows the state to gain ownership of private property. This process entails the following: Fist the government issue a notice to the owner of the property to buy the land at a given price, once the owner accept to sell the land the government releases money to the land owner whom in turn submit the deed to the government. Secondly, if the owner refuses to sell the property at the price set by the government, the fair value of the property may be given by the Attorney. Thirdly if the property owner still refuses to sell the property at a fair value established by the attoney, the government may file a suit whereby, members of the public are allowed to attend and hear a take over ruling (Prosterman and Timothy, P-227). The process is appropriate because the government intends to build a parking.Additionally, the amount paid to the population is more than 100% and therefore, it’s an appropriate amount. The ethical issue arises in thi s case because; condemning the land where retired and older couples reside for the sake of building a car park is quite unethical. ii) In prima facie case the prosecutor bears the burden of providing the evidence. Judy should present her Passport and letter of appointment to prove

Homework in Performance Techniques Essay Example for Free

Homework in Performance Techniques Essay Sound Waves- A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound. The source is some object that causes a vibration, such as a ringing telephone, or a persons vocal chords. The vibration disturbs the particles in the surrounding medium; those particles disturb those next to them, and so on. The pattern of the disturbance creates outward movement in a wave pattern, like waves of seawater on the ocean. The wave carries the sound energy through the medium, usually in all directions and less intensely as it moves farther from the source. Prequency and Wave Length In physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the waves shape repeats.[1] It is usually determined by considering the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase, such as crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a characteristic of both traveling waves and standing waves, as well as other spatial wave patterns. [2][3] Wavelength is commonly designated by the Greek letterlambda (ÃŽ »). The concept can also be applied to periodic waves of non-sinusoidal shape.[1][4] The term wavelength is also sometimes applied to modulatedwaves, and to the sinusoidal envelopes of modulated waves or waves formed by interference of several sinusoids.[5] The SI unit of wavelength is the meter. Reverberations Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed.[1] A reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound is produced in an enclosed space causing a large number of echoes to build up and then slowly decay as the sound is absorbed by the walls and air.[2] This is most noticeable when the sound source stops but the reflections continue, decreasing in amplitude, until they can no longer be heard. The length of this sound decay, or reverberation time, receives special consideration in the architectural design of large chambers, which need to have specific reverberation times to achieve optimum performance for their intended activity.[3] In comparison to a distinct echo that is 50 to 100 ms after the initial sound, reverberation is many thousands of echoes that arrive in very quick succession (.01 – 1 ms between echoes). As time passes, the volume of the many echoes is reduced until the echoes cannot be heard at all. Refraction Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. It is essentially a surface phenomenon . The phenomenon is mainly in governance to the law of conservation of energy. The proper explanation would be that due to change of medium, the phase velocity of the wave is changed but its frequency remains constant. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another at any angle other than 90Â ° or 0Â °. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but any type of wave can refract when it interacts with a medium, for example when sound waves pass from one medium into another or when water waves move into water of a different depth. Refraction is described by Snells law, which states that for a given pair of media and a wave with a single frequency, the ratio of the sines of the angle of incidence ÃŽ ¸1 and angle of refraction ÃŽ ¸2 is equivalent to the ratio of phase velocities (v1 / v2) in the two media, or equivalently, to the opposite ratio of the indices of refraction (n2 / n1): Diffraction- Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1665.[2][3] In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings. Similar effects occur when light waves travel through a medium with a varying refractive index or a sound wave through one with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, includingsound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, x-rays and radio waves. As physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Passive Absorption- According to this theory ions are absorbed by the root along with mass flow of water under the influence of transpiration. This theory failed to explain the salt accumulation against osmotic gradient. An increase in transpiration pull increases the uptake of ions by the roots. The uptake of ions by free diffusion. Thus, mass flow of ions through the root tissues occurs due to transpiration pull in the absence of metabolic energy.