Final Project: Analyze a Sociological Issue

Axia college of university of phoenix| Final Project: Analyze a Sociological Issue| SOC 120 | | | February 15, 2009| Project: Analyze a Sociological Issue In this course you have learned about many different kinds of social problems and controversial issues in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. ? Due Date: Day 7 [post to the Individual forum] Write a 1,750- to 2,450-word paper examining the impact of a current social problem on a particular social group. You may choose a social problem and social group from the Suggested Social Problems and Social Groups List in Appendix A, or you can research a social problem and social group that is not in the list. However, if you choose your own, you will need to submit a request to the instructor by Week 4. Format the paper according to APA style. Cite 3 to 5 sources; at least two should come from the Online Library. You can also refer to the Recommended Web Sites list in the Electronic Resources section at the beginning of this syllabus for additional sources. Note: Sources other than those from the Online Library or the Recommended Web Sites list need to be approved by the instructor. Submit the paper as an attachment| Racial Discrimination and Hispanics in the United States Even though the population of Hispanic People is growing in the United States, the Hispanic People are still somewhat discriminated against. Growing up in the South West, I have seen many changes in Race and its role in the community I live in. Recent growth in immigration from Mexico has brought about many different feelings and faces to this community. Phoenix, Arizona has become a place of much racial diversity and racial tensions. Hispanic cultures are a prevalent part in Arizona and the Mexican people have become a major part of Arizona politics, I was talking with a Postal Delivery Person and he stated that most new occupants are of Hispanic Descent, and this trend seems to be on the rise. In this community the white race is still predominate but change will come in as the Hispanic Peoples will become more predominate than white, English speaking people, soon I will have to speak two languages, which in my case, I do. Conventional wisdom holds that Latin America is a highly discriminatory society. â€Å"Understanding the extent of such discrimination and exploring the channels through which it operates deserve special attention†. (Alberto Chong,   Hugo Nopo). (2008). Racial discrimination is a term used to describe unruly or unfair behavior afflicted on individuals based on their race. Historically, racism existed from ancient times, one particular race always tried to exert its supremacy over the others resulting in a concept known as racial discrimination. â€Å"Before I go any further, we need to know what makes up Hispanic America†. Mexican Americans: Mexican Americans have become a part of American and have given America much to brag about; through a growing political presence the Mexican community has brought a culture that is rich in heritage which is a vital part of modern America. Mexican Americans have attained socioeconomic and linguistic assimilation as well as legal status. Most are in pursuit of the American Dream of freedom and financial release. Dominican Americans: The native language of Dominicans is Spanish with English being a second language, many Dominicans hold fast to the Dominican Republic as their homeland and many Dominicans migrate back to their country where they were born. Immigration issues abound in this culture, many Dominicans come to America illegally by way of Puerto Rico; Dominicans enjoy living the American dream with the American culture already understood by many before they come to America. Puerto Rican Americans: Puerto Rico is a Commonwealth of the United States and has its own Constitution, Legislature and Governor, all subject to United States Executive Authority. English is taught in schools in Puerto Rico but Spanish is the primary language, due to Commonwealth status, all Puerto Ricans are American Citizens (considered migrants versus immigrants), much is debated in the political arena, with may advocating for full United States statehood and those who wish for complete independence from the United States. Cuban Americans: Many Cuban Americans have come to the United States through political exile, and many have settled in Miami, Florida and a significant number living throughout the United States. The Cuban American, coming to America, in Miami, have created a type of reverse assimilation into American culture, bringing about the terminology known as reverse acculturation, where the residents in Miami have accepted political dominance as well as the economic impact Cuban Americans have on this geographical area. From humble beginnings, earlier generations viewed as lower forms of society, worked hard and obtained citizenship that proved the resiliency of this Hispanic American. Religion has played a major role in most Hispanic American culture; the Roman Catholic Church has influenced many Hispanic Americans but a trend to move away from the Catholic Church, with many Hispanic Americans becoming Protestant, most being Baptist. At any case, Most Hispanic Americans are Religious, and this influences many in today’s Hispanic American culture. One would think that modern society would have learned how to cope with racial discrimination and especially with Hispanics and all the contributions that this Ethnic Group has given to the United States. As American society’s diverse population grows in the next Century the Hispanic Population will continue to grow as well as contribute to our Nation’s economy and society. Hispanic Americans have become a part of America, and have given America much to brag about; through a growing political presence the Hispanic community has brought a culture that is rich in heritage which is a vital part of modern America. Hispanic Americans have attained socioeconomic and linguistic assimilation as well as legal status. Most are in pursuit of the American Dream of freedom and financial release. In America’s case racial discrimination is a reality among Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and other immigrant groups and in spite of the ethnic growth throughout America over the past 30 years, racial minority groups like Hispanics continues to struggle for full Equal Rights. Hispanic or Latin Americans make up 12. 5 percent of America’s population, but Hispanics always have been considered a minority group and continue to be discriminated against in the work place as well as seeking accommodation and gaining other public services. Since 911 things have gotten worse in states that border Mexico, for anyone with darker colored skin, according to National Catholic Reporter,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"At Ray Carrillo's welding yard in El Paso, Texas, neighbors talk about the Guard. They also talk about citizen militias like the Minutemen–a local one is called the Border Regulators–that have appeared. And they talk about the sheriff, who has detained more than 800 undocumented persons at roadblocks and turned them over to the Border Patrol. Deputies even asked U. S. citizens who looked Mexican to present papers, according to residents who say they were asked. In late October deputies confronted shop owner Jose Rodriguez, who had posted a handwritten sign in Spanish on his property warning neighbors of a renewed roadblock. Rodriguez's wife, Maria, said the family now felt â€Å"threatened. † A deputy had called for backup and more patrol cars arrived, according to the couple. â€Å"Now I am going to be here seven days a week,† they said the deputy insisted. When Rodriguez complained, â€Å"You're going to break my business,† a deputy said, â€Å"We're going to be here until you close your business,† according to the couple†. McConahay, M. J. (Nov 17, 2006). Hispanic residents wonder if they're friend or foe). As National security is a concern to every American Citizen, â€Å"including Hispanic Americans† We must differentiate between enemy and friend. In Maricopa County, the County Sheriff Joe Arpaio and County Attorney Andrew Thomas have enforced immigration laws and created a task force that targe ts illegal aliens and those who hire them and is of much debate among the Hispanic community in Arizona. The key racial issue in this area is illegal immigration and the effect this problem has had on violent crime in Maricopa County and rising crime in my neighborhood. According to a Maricopa County Attorney News Release, (October 2, 2008), â€Å"An analysis of all defendants sentenced for felonies in 2007 in Maricopa County Superior Court shows 18. 7% to in the United States illegally. Factoring in a random sample of those whose immigration status was initially unknown and later determined to be illegal, the study finds that number rises to 21. %†. This has a direct effect on me and those who are close to me because, it is not known if we should plan to defend our property and make it more secure. With increased problems due to increased migration from Mexico and other countries throughout Mexico, I may be forced to move to a different area where I and my family will feel more secure. The media in the Maricopa County area has different views on the issue of illegal immigration and the so called Illegal Immigration Round-Ups. With most of the media taking the safe route, there are a few that speak out against the County Attorney and the County Sheriff, claiming both are bias and use racial profiling as a means of locating illegal aliens in these Round-Ups. All of these statistics have a profound effect upon the Hispanic American community, when racial profiling continues even when the Hispanics of the United States have been here longer than many other racial groups, the law needs to reconsider how they move forward with security, and what many consider harassment. We can see this during World War II, when America viewed Japanese victories in the Russo-Japanese War reinforced the belief that the Western World was facing a yellow peril. For two decades, after the Russo-Japanese War many Americans believed that a United States war with Japan was inevitable. The image of the yellow peril was mirrored for Americans by the writings of various authors, newspaper editors, columnists, and movies in which Orientals were portrayed as sinister villains engaged in activities of vengeance and treachery. Many Japanese Americans were subjected to concentration camps in Arizona and throughout the Western United States. If American society does not take into account what happened during these dark years of World War II, we may see issues with Hispanics in America being forced to live in certain areas consigned to the Hispanic Community due to boarder tensions with Mexico and Latin Americas. According to the racial discrimination act, it is illegal to discriminate people in the areas of public life on the basis of their race. These areas include employment, housing accommodation, real estate buying, and provision of goods and services, accessing public places, using public transportation services and in advertising. Under this act, even an offensive or abusive behavior or language that is based on racial vilification is prohibited. In my opinion, it is difficult to accurately measure prejudice in America but to a certain degree, yes, prejudice can be measured. When I say â€Å"to a certain degree†; one cannot know for certain if the person is totally prejudiced against another race. My preference for people of my ethnic background does not make me prejudice. I believe the human race as a whole comes from one blood, but for some reason has taken on the different characteristics we now see in the diverse human race. Racial Tensions as well as Prejudice against those who have come to America in the last century have excelled for no apparent reason as we that make up modern America, that came to this beautiful country at one time or another, many racial groups have faced prejudice such as the Irish and Italian immigrants, African Americans, and the list goes on and on. It seems as though wherever human society is, there will always be discrimination against some group or groups. I believe we as American Citizens must come together (especially in these tough economic times) and create a wonderful diverse America, where â€Å"everyone† can be proud of the American flag and the land of the free as our ancestors who migrated to America did. Reference (s): Axia College of University of Phoenix (2008). Chapter One Through Sixteen, Society: The Basics, Eighth Edition by John J. Macionis (2006). Retrieved February 15, 2009, from Axia College, Week Six reading, SOC 120 Introduction to Sociology aXcess Web site. Axia College of University of Phoenix (2008). Racial and Ethnic Groups, Tenth Edition. Retrieved Feburary 15, 2009, from Axia College, Week Six reading, ETH 125 Cultural Diversity aXcess Web site. Alberto Chong,   Hugo Nopo. (2008). The Mystery of Discrimination in Latin America/Comments. Economia,  8(2),  79-115. Retrieved February 13, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global  database. (Document ID:  1579566311). McConahay, M. J. (Nov 17, 2006). Hispanic residents wonder if they're friend or foe. National Catholic Reporter,  43,  5. p. 7 (2). Retrieved  February 15, 2009,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: http://find. galegroup. com/ips/start. do? prodId=IPS Maricopa County Attorney News Release, October 2, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2009 from: http://www. mcaodocuments. com/press/20081002_a. pdf Information about Hispanic Americans Retrieved Feburary15, 2009 from the following Web site (s): http://www. topuertorico. org/people. shtml http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cuban_American http://www. mexicanamericans. com

Ethical or Not Essay

As far as the media is concerned, one ethical standard I know they must follow is responsible reporting. If this alone is the standard, then I would give a thumbs up for the showing of the documentary. By this criteria alone, the airing of the documentary is already ethical. As claimed by the article itself, â€Å"this was a responsible and important documentary. It was not primarily about Princess Diana or Dodi Al Fayed. It was about the photographers who were subjected to an authority instituted and media supported lynching. Locked up without charge for over two days. Two years later they were formally cleared. Mohamed Al Fayed pursued an action against them for breach of privacy and was awarded derisory damages. † The rights involved here are not only those of Princess Diana or her sons or Al Fayed. The documentary was mainly focused on the rights of the photographers involved. Thus, if the motivation for airing the documentary is to show to the world how they were treated without ill-motives of hurting the royal family or Princess Diana’s memory, then there is no reason why it should be unethical for Channel 4 air the documentary. Its airing falls as responsible reporting from where I stand. Why is it ethical? Ethics should be viewed from the point of view of the one whose acts are concerned. In this case, whether the act of airing the documentary is ethical or not should be viewed from the perspective of Channel 4. Many great thinkers support the act of Channel 4 as ethical. Of course, this is assuming that it was done in the name of responsible reporting and without bad faith on its part. And this is a fair assumption because this is the only fact we can assume from the article as this was specifically mentioned therein. What I am driving at is that we cannot assume bad faith on the part of Channel 4, like for example, airing it just to gain ratings or money for the in-between commercials, because these are not mentioned in the article. To proceed, I will start my defense with the ethical principles ordained by Socrates, who is regarded as one of the greatest teachers of ethics. He said that anyone who knows what virtue is will necessarily act virtuously. He further said that those who act badly, therefore, do so only because they are ignorant of, or mistaken about, the real nature of virtue. Applying it to Channel 4, if they acted out of responsible reporting, then they acted ethically. If it should happen that they acted badly, then they were only mistaken on what should have been the proper conduct. This mistake should not automatically make the act unethical. Necessarily, Channel 4 should know what responsible reporting is. In fact, it acted upon this virtue. Thus, the airing of the documentary is ethical. Confucian ethics will also support the act of Channel 4 as ethical. The heart of Confucian ethics is character. He said that it (ethics) centers neither on acts nor on their consequences, but on character. Applying this principle, airing the documentary or the consequences of airing it are not material to deterrmine whether the act is ethical or not. What matters is the character of Channel 4. Thus, the question is whether Channel 4 aired the documentary with ill-motives or with a noble and genuine purpose. Seeing that Channel 4 aired the documentary out of responsible reporting, which is a noble purpose as far as the media is concerned, then the act was nothing but ethical for them to perform. However, it should be borne in mind here that there might be other factors which Channel 4 considered before airing the documentary. These other factors may possibly range from improving ratings, to generating income from the in-between commercials, to simply just starting an intrigue. Whatever these other factors are, they will not be considered in this discussion because we do not have enough facts from which we could draw a decent assumption. And finally, Spinoza’s view on ethics is that nothing is intrinsically good or bad, except to the extent that it is subjectively perceived to be by the individual. He therefore suggests that whether an act is ethical or not depends on the perspective of the person doing the act. Spinoza’s view makes my argument so simple: if Channel 4 thinks it is right and ethical to air the documentary, then airing it is right and ethical. As aforementioned, the motive behind airing the documentary is responsible reporting. If responsible reporting is an ethical thing to do in the opinion of Channel 4, then it is so. Did the public need to know or want to know? I will not presume to know what is the opinion of the general public regarding the matter. So I will just hazard a guess to answer this question. And I will assure you that it will be an intelligent guess. So let me proceed. Considering the facts that Princess Diana is a public figure, that the media is an industry impressed with public interest, and that the wrongful detention of persons is contrary to public policy, then I would dare say that the public should see the documentary. They need to know what is in it. In fact, it is their constitutional right to know. The Constitution guarantees that the people should be informed on matters which are of public concern. It need not be belabored that the circumstances surrounding the death of Princess of Diana are matters of public concern. She is a celebrity and part of the royal family, which is the public head of England. This makes her a public figure. Moreover, certain members of the media were wrongfully detained because of her death. This is also a matter of public concern. Therefore, the general public should be informed whether the rights of these people, which rights are zealously protected by no less than the Constitution, were violated or not. So yes, the public needs to know about the documentary and what is in it.

Review Chemistry Chapter 4

CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 2Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 3Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic acid) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl Answer: B 4. 4Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KClAnswer: B 4. 5Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) Answer: E 4. 6Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) Answer: E 4. 7Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 – B. Na+, N3 â€⠀œ , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 – D. Na+, N+, O2 – E. Na+, NO3 – Answer: E 4. 8Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 – B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 – D.Ca2+, O2H22 – E. Ca2+, OH – Answer: E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they: E A. contain molecules B. conduct electricity C. react with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat Answer: B 4. 10According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 Answer: D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 Answer: B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. CaCO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 Answer: A 4. 13According to the solubili ty rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2S E. BaSO4 Answer: B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S Answer: D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 Answer: A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 Answer: D 4. 17In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions containing about 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL are mixed? A. KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions. B. No precipitate will form. C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I- will be spectator ions. D. PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3- will be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitat e. Read this Practice Test Chem 105Answer: D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate; Ba2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate; Ba2+ and Cl – will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate; Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate; Cu2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate; Mg2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate; Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate; Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate; Zn2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ioni c equation for the reaction that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) > NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) > 2NH4NO3 Answer: B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is: M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer: B 4. 22Identify the ions present in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 – , H+ E. Li – , OH+ Answer: B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 – B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 – E. H+, NO3- Answer: E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization Ereaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C. CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer: B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of Ehydr obromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer: E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. CaNO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer: E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer: D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer: C 4. 29The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is: M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. – 3 E. none of these Answer: B 4. 30The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is: M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. – 1 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 31The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is: M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. – 7 E. – 8 Answer: B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is: H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. – 3 E. – 4 Answer: A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 – is: H A. – 12 B. – 7 C. – 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer: D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is: H A. – 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 35The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is: H A. – 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer: E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is: H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. – 3 Answer: B 4. 37The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is: M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. – 4 Answer: C 4. 38Select the compound below in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer: C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is: M A. +4 B. – 4 C. +2 D. – 2 E. 0 Answer: D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. – 2, +6, – 2 B. â €“ 1, +4, – 3 C. +2, +4, – 2 D. +1, +4, – 2 E. +1, +6, – 6 Answer: D 4. 41Which one of the following is a redox reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH – (aq) > H2O(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) > 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 – + HSO4- > HCO3- + SO42 – Answer: D 4. 42Which of the following reactions does not represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl > 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2H2O > 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 > PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 > 2NaBr + I2 Answer: C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ > 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer: B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 > 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer: C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 > 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 – + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 – E. H+ Answer: A 4. 46Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction: H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) > 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer: A 4. 47Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer: A 4. 48What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer: A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer: A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 > 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer: E 4. 51What element is reduced in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 > CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer: C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacemen t reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) > A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer: C 4. 53Complete and balance the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- > Cl- (basic solution) The balanced half-reaction will show which of the following: A. two hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side Answer: A 4. 54Complete and balance the following redox equation. When balanced with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is: H2S + HNO3 > S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer: C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the equation? M Sn + HNO3 > SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer: A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficient s? MnO4- + SO32 – > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of OH- Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of theseAnswer: B 4. 60Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole- Mnumber coefficients. Now sum the coefficients of all species in the balanced equation. Remember the coefficients equal to one. The sum of the coefficients is: BrO3- (aq) + Sb3+(aq) > Br – (aq) + Sb5+(aq) (acidic solution) A. 4 B. 12 C. 13 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 61Complete and balance the following redox reaction with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients. M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be: (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- > Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic solution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer: E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 > I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is t he sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br – > Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer: E Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 – > Bi + SnO32 – (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 > BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) > 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) > 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) > 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) > 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) > 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer: B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer: A 4. 68Which of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) > 2H2O(l) B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) C. KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Answer: B 4. 69Which of the following is an acid-base neutralization reaction? E A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) B. SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(g) C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) > LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: C 4. 7025. 0 mL of a 0. 175 M solution of KOH is diluted with pure water to a final Mvolume of 750. 0 mL. What is the final molarity of the KOH solution? 0. 00583 M 0. 0163 M 0. 0333 M 0. 229 MAnswer: A 4. 71Consider the solution reaction AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 > 3AgCl + Al(NO3)3. M What volume of 0. 100 M AlCl3 will exactly react with 55. 0 mL of 0. 162 M AgNO3? 89. 1 mL 9. 90 mL 46. 2 mL 29. 7 mL Answer: D 4. 72What is the molarity of a solution in which 26. 0 grams of BaCl2 M(molar mass = 208. 2 g/mol) are dissolved in enough water to make 450. 0 mL of solution? 0. 278 M 0. 617 M 1. 00 M 3. 41 M Answer: A 4. 73If 40. 0 mL of H2SO4 solution reacts with 0. 212 g of Na2CO3, what is the Mmolarity of the H2SO4 solution? Na2CO3 + H2SO4 > Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 0. 50 M 0. 10 M 0. 20 M 0. 40 M 0. 050 M Answer: E 4. 4What volume of 0. 122 M HCl would react with 26. 2 mL of 0. 176 M NaOH? M 37. 8 mL 18. 2 mL 5. 56 mL 26. 3 mL 75. 6 mL Answer: A 4. 75 What is the oxidation number of N in NaNO3? M +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Answer: E 4. 76In the following reaction, which species is being reduced? MFeBr3 + 3Cl2 > 2FeCl3 + 3Br2 A. the Cl in Cl2 B. the Fe in FeBr3 C. the Br in FeBr3 D. This is not a redox reaction. Answer: A 4. 77 Which is the oxidation number of arsenic in K3AsO4? M +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Answer : D 4. 78In which of the compounds below is nitrogen in the +1 oxidation state? M A. N2O4 B. HNO3 C. N2 D. N2O E. none of these Answer: D . 79 Which reaction below is NOT an oxidation-reduction reaction? M CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) > 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) > 2 H2O(g) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) > Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Answer: A 4. 80 Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: 2 Na(s) + H2(g) > 2 NaH(s) M Na(s) NaH(s) H2(g) Answer: C 4. 81Which of the following is the correct NET IONIC equation for the M neutralization of acetic acid (HAc) with Ca(OH)2? (Ac = acetate ion) 2 HAc + Ca(OH)2 > CaAc2 + 2 H2O H+ + OH – > H2O HAc + OH – > Ac – + H2O 2 H+ + Ca(OH)2 > Ca2+ + 2 H2OAnswer: C 4. 82 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY classified? (Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer: D 4. 83Which of the follow ing compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with respect to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer: B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak acid? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer: E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer: C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer: a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonel ectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer: a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer: a. reactions in which a precipitate is formed b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an example the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer: (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is Sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer: A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer: a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer: a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kind of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer: ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer: (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfid e solid and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 – (aq) > Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer: Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 – 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 > 2Al2O3 Answer: Al is oxidized;O2 is reduced; Al is the reducing agent; O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? > Br2 + 2KF Answer: Br – is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer: Ba, +2; Na, +1; P, +5; O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer: K, +1; Ta, +5; F, -1 4. 10 2Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca > Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reducing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 > 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure used to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, starting Hwith solid KCl. Answer: a. Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer: 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0 °C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0 °C? Answer: 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer: 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is required to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer: 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL portion of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer: a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If 145 g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer: . 956 M 4. 111During a ti tration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid solution? Answer: The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- Answer: H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as either good or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. gasoline (C8H18)Answer: a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ > H2SO4 + NH3 Answer: NH4+ 4. 115The water solution found in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer: 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTION S 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions. M Answer: F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) > 4H3PO4(aq) Answer: F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer: T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer: F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water; therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer: F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer: T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer: F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 > 2HCl Answer: T 4. 125The following equation is an exam ple of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- > AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer: F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I – + H2O > 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer: T Review Chemistry Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 2Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 3Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic acid) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl Answer: B 4. 4Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KClAnswer: B 4. 5Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) Answer: E 4. 6Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) Answer: E 4. 7Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 – B. Na+, N3 â€⠀œ , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 – D. Na+, N+, O2 – E. Na+, NO3 – Answer: E 4. 8Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 – B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 – D.Ca2+, O2H22 – E. Ca2+, OH – Answer: E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they: E A. contain molecules B. conduct electricity C. react with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat Answer: B 4. 10According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 Answer: D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 Answer: B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. CaCO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 Answer: A 4. 13According to the solubili ty rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2S E. BaSO4 Answer: B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S Answer: D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 Answer: A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 Answer: D 4. 17In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions containing about 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL are mixed? A. KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions. B. No precipitate will form. C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I- will be spectator ions. D. PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3- will be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitat e. Read this Practice Test Chem 105Answer: D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate; Ba2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate; Ba2+ and Cl – will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate; Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate; Cu2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate; Mg2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate; Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate; Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate; Zn2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ioni c equation for the reaction that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) > NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) > 2NH4NO3 Answer: B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is: M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer: B 4. 22Identify the ions present in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 – , H+ E. Li – , OH+ Answer: B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 – B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 – E. H+, NO3- Answer: E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization Ereaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C. CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer: B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of Ehydr obromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer: E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. CaNO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer: E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer: D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer: C 4. 29The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is: M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. – 3 E. none of these Answer: B 4. 30The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is: M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. – 1 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 31The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is: M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. – 7 E. – 8 Answer: B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is: H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. – 3 E. – 4 Answer: A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 – is: H A. – 12 B. – 7 C. – 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer: D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is: H A. – 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 35The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is: H A. – 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer: E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is: H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. – 3 Answer: B 4. 37The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is: M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. – 4 Answer: C 4. 38Select the compound below in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer: C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is: M A. +4 B. – 4 C. +2 D. – 2 E. 0 Answer: D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. – 2, +6, – 2 B. â €“ 1, +4, – 3 C. +2, +4, – 2 D. +1, +4, – 2 E. +1, +6, – 6 Answer: D 4. 41Which one of the following is a redox reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH – (aq) > H2O(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) > 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 – + HSO4- > HCO3- + SO42 – Answer: D 4. 42Which of the following reactions does not represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl > 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2H2O > 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 > PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 > 2NaBr + I2 Answer: C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ > 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer: B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 > 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer: C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 > 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 – + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 – E. H+ Answer: A 4. 46Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction: H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) > 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer: A 4. 47Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer: A 4. 48What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer: A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer: A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 > 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer: E 4. 51What element is reduced in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 > CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer: C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacemen t reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) > A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer: C 4. 53Complete and balance the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- > Cl- (basic solution) The balanced half-reaction will show which of the following: A. two hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side Answer: A 4. 54Complete and balance the following redox equation. When balanced with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is: H2S + HNO3 > S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer: C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the equation? M Sn + HNO3 > SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer: A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficient s? MnO4- + SO32 – > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. 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M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be: (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- > Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic solution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer: E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 > I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is t he sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br – > Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer: E Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 – > Bi + SnO32 – (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 > BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) > 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) > 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) > 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) > 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) > 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer: B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer: A 4. 68Which of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) > 2H2O(l) B. 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(Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer: D 4. 83Which of the follow ing compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with respect to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer: B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak acid? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer: E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer: C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer: a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonel ectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer: a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer: a. reactions in which a precipitate is formed b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an example the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer: (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is Sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer: A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer: a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer: a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kind of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer: ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer: (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfid e solid and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 – (aq) > Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer: Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 – 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 > 2Al2O3 Answer: Al is oxidized;O2 is reduced; Al is the reducing agent; O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? > Br2 + 2KF Answer: Br – is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer: Ba, +2; Na, +1; P, +5; O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer: K, +1; Ta, +5; F, -1 4. 10 2Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca > Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reducing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 > 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure used to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, starting Hwith solid KCl. Answer: a. Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer: 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0 °C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0 °C? Answer: 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer: 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is required to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer: 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL portion of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer: a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If 145 g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer: . 956 M 4. 111During a ti tration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid solution? Answer: The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- Answer: H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as either good or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. gasoline (C8H18)Answer: a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ > H2SO4 + NH3 Answer: NH4+ 4. 115The water solution found in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer: 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTION S 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions. M Answer: F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) > 4H3PO4(aq) Answer: F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer: T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer: F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water; therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer: F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer: T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer: F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 > 2HCl Answer: T 4. 125The following equation is an exam ple of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- > AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer: F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I – + H2O > 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer: T

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