The Role of the Heath in Hardys Return of the Native Essay -- Return

The Role of the Heath in Hardy's Return of the Native "Nature is the most thrifty thing in the world; she never wastes anything; she undergoes change, but there is no annihilation, the essence remains - matter is eternal," philosophizes Horace Binney. Egdon Heath, in Thomas Hardy's Return of the Native, behaves as Nature does in this quotation -- it undergoes seasonal shifts, but its essential quality remains. The heath takes on the role of a static influence on the characters' relationships and circumstances, demonstrating the unchanging nature of human experience through its own seasonal shifts, but still unaltered essence of tragedy. As the story opens, it is November fifth, in the early winter. The beginning of winter is also the beginning of a troubled time for Thomasin. She goes with Wildeve to Anglebury to marry him in the morning of November fifth, but returns that evening, unmarried, in the back of the reddleman's wagon. Mrs. Yeobright, Thomasin's aunt and guardian, expresses her grief -- "When it gets known there will be a very unpleasant time for us" (49). Though it was not Thomasin's fault that she did not marry Wildeve, as there was a problem with the marriage license, people still consider it a scandal and a great disgrace to her and her family. This time of depression, in which Thomasin does not even leave the house out of shame, lasts until Thomasin finally does marry Wildeve, after an extended period of waiting. It is not until after Christmas that they finally wed. The depressing quality of the winter season reflects this dreary and disheartening time. Nature and seasonal changes reflect human natu re and situations on the heath. As spring, "the green or young fern period", begins, so does a relationshi... ...r, this time the night is darker, and the despair is greater. The heath ends Eustacia and Wildeve's life in Shadwater Weir as darkness closes in on the heath for the winter. The characters cannot control nature; it instead reflects their own relationships and situations. The seasons have come full circle and so has tragedy. The heath is back to its original state, as are Clym and Thomasin -- merely a bit older and a bit sadder, just as the heath itself. While the seasons change things for a time, the situation eventually reverts to its original state. The essence of the heath is tragic, and will always recover to that condition, just as human experience is unchanging. Indeed, "the untamable...thing that Egdon now was it always had been" and will always continue to be (14). Works Cited Hardy, Thomas. The Return of the Native. New York: Signet Classic, 1987.

Q. Marvell’s poem “To His Coy Mistress” Essay

â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is primarily the author, Andrew Marvell, trying to convince and seduce â€Å"his coy mistress†, into having intimate relations with him. The poem has three stanzas; each with a different purpose: the first stanza gently and subtly flatters his mistress, using positive diction and images to show, how Marvell wishes he could love her for all of eternity; the second stanza, however, uses imagery to show how time is moving fast and also, strongly negative diction and images to show how life must be lived happily, for there is no chance to after death; the last stanza, the conclusion of the poem, uses quite sexual images to tell his mistress, that because time is limited, they should make the most of it, and enjoy life’s intimate pleasures together. Imagery and diction have been used effectively throughout the poem, to achieve the author’s purpose, of seducing this lady. The author also conveys a theme throughout the poem; life is sho rt, your time on earth is limited, and therefore we must make the most of life’s pleasures while we still can. In the first stanza, imagery and diction, flatters this lady, Andrew Marvell wishes to seduce, and depicts his great and ever-growing love for her. Marvell begins by describing how ideally he would have â€Å"world enough and time† to love this lady. They would â€Å"sit down, and think which way to walk and pass [their] long love’s day.† Imagery shows them taking their love very slowly. This image is created by diction with relaxed and slow connotations, such as â€Å"sit down†, and â€Å"walk.† The diction within that line, also creates alliteration, â€Å"which way to walk†, and also, â€Å"long love’s day;† this alliteration, and the long vowel sounds in â€Å"way†, â€Å"walk†, and â€Å"long†, creates a slow and steady rhythm, and a relaxed mood and tone to the stanza, which allows the author to convey to â€Å"his mistress† that he wishes they could take their love slowly and steadily. Later on in the stanza, he uses diction to create images, to flatter â€Å"his mistress.† â€Å"Thou by the Indian Ganges’ side shouldst rubies find; I by the tide of the Humber would complain.† The imagery shows how he sees his mistress as exotic, by comparing her to the Indian Ganges’, which at that time, was an faraway and exotic place; while, comparing himself with â€Å"the  Humber†, he views himself as ordinary, compared to her. The effect is that it fulfils the author’s purpose for it, which was to flatter this lady. The diction also helps him achieve this, â€Å"shouldst rubies find†; rubies are precious and beautiful, and by using this diction, he again flatters her, by describing how beautiful and precious she is to him. In the first stanza the author has used diction and imagery effectively to create a relaxed and easy mood and tone, to show how the author wishes he can just slowly and eternally love this woman; a â€Å"state† which she â€Å"deserves.† He also achieves his purpose of gracefully complementing this lady on her beauty, in more ways than physically. In the next stanza, Marvell uses diction and imagery to show how there is nothing to be enjoyed in the eternity of death, and how death is a lonely place, therefore another person’s love must be experienced during life. He tells us that â€Å"at [his] back [he] always hears Time’s wingà ¨d chariot hurrying near.† â€Å"Winged†: this diction gives us an impression that the â€Å"chariot† is quick, and therefore the imagery, created by the personification of â€Å"Time†, shows that time travels quickly; life is short. â€Å"Yonder before us lie deserts of vast eternity.† I believe the â€Å"deserts of vast eternity† metaphorically symbolises death. â€Å"Deserts† suggests lifeless, desolate; while â€Å"vast eternity† uses long vowels sounds in â€Å"vast†, combined with the ‘e’ sound being repeated and carried on at the end, in â€Å"eternity†. The combined effect of the diction: an image, showing the boring, lifelessness of death. This is summed up at the end of the stanza: â€Å"the grave’s a fine and private place, but none, I think, do there embrace:† love and its pleasures may only be experience during life. He also tries to convince â€Å"his mistress†, that keeping her virginity, is a silly thing to do. Marvell refers to â€Å"long preserved virginity† as a â€Å"quaint honour†; the choice of diction, by using quaint, shows the author’s negative tone towards keeping your â€Å"virginity†: it is too old-fashioned, odd, and somewhat of a joke. The diction and imagery in this paragraph show us that life must be enjoyed, for such pleasures do not exist after death. In the last paragraph, Marvell, uses sexual, passionate diction and imagery  to show that to enjoy life to the fullest, they must have intimate relations together. â€Å"Now therefore, while the youthful hue sit on the skin like morning dew, and while thy willing soul transpires at every pore with instant fires†; the simile creates an image, showing us that this lady is physically young, and the metaphor shows us that she is either blushing, or seems to be very excited, or both. Marvell uses this imagery to subtly tell this young woman, that it is obvious, she wants the same as him. â€Å"Now let us sport us while we may, and now like amorous birds of prey†; the diction, amorous, has very passionate connotations, even more so than love, and the simile, like birds of prey, suggests a physical side of love, and creates an image of a fearless bird, diving as soon as it sees a chance for kill; therefore the image shows us, that while we are able to, we must make the most of the physical and passionate pleasures of life, without too much concern, and also most importantly, as soon as we may. The tone and mood, created by the diction and images, in the paragraph is very positive, and passionate, and its purpose is to convince â€Å"his mistress† that what he is suggesting, is the right thing to do, and to do so without any worries, and as soon as possible. We must enjoy the pleasures of life, while we may, for that is impossible after death. Andrew Marvell effectively uses diction and imagery throughout this poem, to convince and seduce a young lady, into having physical relations with him. He uses diction and imagery in the first paragraph, showing how, greatly he loves her, and how willing he is to only love in a non-physical way, till the â€Å"last age† had they all of eternity. However, in the second paragraph, negative diction and images, show us that time is limited, and the pleasures of life, cannot be found in after death; therefore we must enjoy them while we live. The third and final paragraph, is the conclusion to Marvell’s argument; he uses passion filled images and diction, to show that they should therefore engage in a physical and intimate relationship, for this maybe the only opportunity they ever get. A theme conveyed is that we must enjoy all of life’s pleasures, for we only get one chance to live.

Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock

and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely absorbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Dehumanizing Women Women are portrayed as commodities in both Alexander Pope’s â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† and in William Congreve’s â€Å"The Way of the World†. However in Congreve’s â€Å"Rape of the Lock† women play a more active and cognizant role wrangling a suitable marriage than in Pope’s poem. In both texts elite society is portrayed as a group that have complex social interactions. The stakes are quite high: marriage. Marriage in those days was not simply a matter of the heart, but it is an institution that defined people’s class status, wealth, and connections. This is a battlefield of affection and the spoils of marriage go to the victor. Here the weapons are verbal spars and witty parries replacing the clash of metallic swords and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely abs orbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock As the name indicates, the Mock-Epic is a literary form that ridicules the ‘classical epics.’ It does so by using characteristics of the classical epic; the invocation of a deity, a regular statement of theme, the division of the work into books and cantos, ostentatious speeches, battles and supernatural machinery; to reveal the absurdity of a certain subject. The main consequence of utilizing the style of an epic is, however, not so much to have fun with the epic, but to deflate a subject or characters that by contrast appear exceptionally insignificant. One of the best examples of a Mock Epic is Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock. Pope uses highly refined verses, pungent satirical heroic couplets, and intelligence to satirize not only the irrepressible intricacy and solemnity of subject matters found within epic poems, but the commotion that results when a young lord cuts a small lock of hair from the head of an young beauty. In The Rape of the Lock, Pope exhausts much energy preparing the audience for a ‘battle’ (card game) that will shortly take place, that of English intrigue at Hampton Court. Pope treats the subject with gravity, portraying the story as a true epic. Pope's intent was perhaps to weaken, with pleasantry, the adverse feelings aroused by the trial of the episode. Pope is asking the reader to laugh, to see how an event of little significance has been filled with importance. Though its manner may be light, its purpose is completely earnest; it keeps the public conscience mindful, it exhibits absurdity for what it is, and makes those prone to embrace senseless or garish customs conscious that they are ludicrous. Thus, his work is ranked more accurately as a bemused satire. In other words, Pope aimed to show to society the absurdity of the subject, rather than to abhor them as wrong. The main subject that Pope mocks is beauty. Pope addresses beauty in a multitude of ways. The Rape of the Lock discloses...

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader Frances Willard (September 28, 1839–February 17, 1898) was one of the best-known and most influential women of her day and headed  the Womens Christian Temperance Union from 1879 to 1898. She was also the first dean of women at Northwestern University.  Her image  appeared on a 1940 postage stamp and she was the  first woman represented in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol Building. Fast Facts: Frances Willard Known For: Womens rights and temperance leaderAlso Known As: Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard, St. FrancesBorn: September 28, 1839 in Churchville, New YorkParents: Josiah Flint Willard, Mary Thompson Hill WillardDied: February 17, 1898 in New York CityEducation: Northwestern Female CollegePublished Works:  Woman and temperance, or the work and workers of the Womans Christian Temperance Union, Glimpses of fifty years: The autobiography of an American woman, Do everything: A handbook for the worlds white ribboners, How to Win: A Book for Girls, Woman in the Pulpit, A Wheel within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the BicycleAwards and Honors:  Namesake for many schools and organizations; named to the National Womens Hall of FameNotable Quote: If women can organize missionary societies, temperance societies, and every kind of charitable organization...why not permit them to be ordained to preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments of the Church? Early Life Frances Willard was born on September 28, 1839, in Churchville, New York, a farming community. When she was 3, the family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, so that her father could study for the ministry at Oberlin College. In 1846 the family moved again, this time to Janesville, Wisconsin, for her fathers health. Wisconsin became a state in 1848, and Josiah Flint Willard, Frances father, was a member of the legislature. There, while Frances lived on a family farm in the West, her brother was her playmate and companion. Frances Willard dressed as a boy and was known to friends as Frank. She preferred to avoid womens work such as housework, preferring more active play. Frances Willards mother had also been educated at Oberlin College, in a time when few women studied at the college level. Frances mother educated her children at home until the town of Janesville established its own schoolhouse in 1883. Frances, in her turn, enrolled in the Milwaukee Seminary, a respected school for women teachers. Her father wanted her to transfer to a Methodist school, so Frances and her sister Mary went to Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois. Her brother studied at Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, preparing for the Methodist ministry. Her entire family moved at that time to Evanston.  Frances graduated in 1859 as valedictorian.   Romance? In 1861, Frances got engaged to Charles H. Fowler, then a divinity student, but she broke off the engagement the next year despite pressure from her parents and brother.  She wrote later in her autobiography, referring to her own journal notes at the time of the breaking of the engagement, In 1861 to 62, for three-quarters of a year I wore a ring and acknowledged an allegiance based on the supposition that an intellectual comradeship was sure to deepen into a unity of heart. How grieved I was over the discovery of my mistake the journals of that epoch could reveal.  She was, she said in her journal at the time, afraid of her future if she did not marry, and she was unsure shed find another man to marry. Her autobiography reveals that there was a real romance of my life, saying that she would be glad to have it known only after her death, for I believe it might contribute to a better understanding between good men and women.  It may be that her romantic interest was in a teacher who she describes in her journals; if so, the relationship may have been broken up by the jealousy of a female friend. Teaching Career Frances Willard taught at a variety of institutions for almost 10 years, while her diary records her thinking about womens rights and what role she could play in the world in making a difference for women. Frances Willard went on a world tour with her friend Kate Jackson in 1868 and returned to Evanston to become head of Northwestern Female College, her alma mater under its new name. After that school merged into Northwestern University as the Womans College of that university, Frances Willard was appointed Dean of Women of the Womans College in 1871 and a professor of Aesthetics in the Universitys Liberal Arts college. In 1873, she attended the National Womens Congress and made connections with many womens rights activists on the East Coast. Womens Christian Temperance Union By 1874, Willards ideas had clashed with those of the university president, Charles H. Fowler, the same man to whom she had been engaged in 1861. The conflicts escalated, and in March 1874, Frances Willard chose to leave the university.  She had become involved in temperance work and accepted the job of president of the Chicago Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). She became the corresponding secretary of the Illinois WCTU in October of that year. The following month while attending the national WCTU convention as a Chicago delegate, she became the corresponding secretary of the national WCTU, a position that required frequent travel and speaking. From 1876, she also headed up the WCTU publications committee. Willard was also associated briefly with evangelist Dwight Moody, although she was disappointed when she realized he only wanted her to speak to women. In 1877, she resigned as president of the Chicago organization. Willard had come into some conflict with national WCTU president Annie Wittenmyer over Willards push to get the organization to endorse woman suffrage as well as temperance, and so Willard also resigned from her positions with the national WCTU. Willard began lecturing for woman suffrage. In 1878, Willard won the presidency of the Illinois WCTU, and the next year, she became president of the national WCTU, following Annie Wittenmyer. Willard remained president of the national WCTU until her death. In 1883, Frances Willard was one of the founders of the Worlds WCTU. She supported herself with lecturing until 1886, when the WCTU granted her a salary. Frances Willard also participated in the founding of the National Council of Women in 1888 and served one year as its first president. Organizing Women As head of the first national organization in America for women, Frances Willard endorsed the idea that the organization should do everything. That meant to work not only for temperance, but also for womens suffrage, social purity (protecting young girls and other women sexually by raising the age of consent, establishing rape laws, holding male customers equally responsible for prostitution violations, etc.), and other social reforms. In fighting for temperance, she depicted the liquor industry as ridden with crime and corruption. She described men who drank alcohol as victims for succumbing to the temptations of liquor. Women, who had few legal rights to divorce, child custody, and financial stability, were described as the ultimate victims of liquor. But Willard did not see women primarily as victims. While coming from a separate spheres vision of society and valuing womens contributions as homemakers and child educators as equal to mens in the public sphere, she also promoted womens right to choose to participate in the public sphere. She endorsed womens right to become ministers and preachers as well. Frances Willard remained a staunch Christian, rooting her reform ideas in her faith. She disagreed with the criticism of religion and the Bible by other suffragists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, though Willard continued to work with such critics on other issues. Racism Controversy In the 1890s, Willard tried to gain support in the white community for temperance by raising fears that alcohol and black mobs were a threat to white womanhood.  Ida B. Wells, the great anti-lynching advocate, had shown by documentation that most lynchings were defended by such myths of attacks on white women, while the motivations were usually instead economic competition. Lynch denounced Willards comments as racist and debated her on a trip to England in 1894. Significant Friendships Lady Somerset of England was a close friend of Frances Willard, and Willard spent time at her home resting from her work. Anna Gordon was Willards private secretary and her living and traveling companion for her last 22 years. Gordon succeeded to the presidency of the Worlds WCTU when Frances died. She mentions a secret love in her diaries, but it was never revealed who the person was. Death While preparing to leave for New England in New York City, Willard contracted influenza and died on February 17, 1898. (Some sources point to pernicious anemia, the source of several years of ill health.) Her death was met with national mourning: flags in New York, Washington, D.C., and Chicago were flown at half-staff, and thousands attended services where the train with her remains stopped on its way back to Chicago and her burial in Rosehill Cemetery. Legacy A rumor for many years was that Frances Willards letters had been destroyed by her companion Anna Gordon at or before Willards death.  But her diaries, though lost for many years, were rediscovered in the 1980s in a cupboard at the Frances E. Willard Memorial Library at the Evanston headquarters of the NWCTU.  Also found there were letters and many scrapbooks that had not been known until then.  Her journals and diaries number 40 volumes, which has provided a wealth of primary resource material for biographers.  The journals cover her younger years (age 16 to 31) and two of her later years (ages 54 and 57). Sources â€Å"Biography.†Ã‚  Frances Willard House Museum Archives.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Frances Willard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 14 Feb. 2019.

Organizational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Behaviour - Assignment Example In news conveyance media, the comparison between the newspapers and television broadcasting shows the different constraints through which they undergo to achieve the goal of communication to the public and helps to determine how the operations in those media affect the behaviors of the involved individuals. In television broadcast of information, the involved use voice and video to elaborate the information that they want to present to their audience. This method ensures that the receiver of the information can be able to follow the progress of events in the situation in the covered scene. The method involves the use of voice to describe the events that take place at the scene. On the other hand, newspaper medium reports things that took place in the past times and the presenters of that information use descriptive words and photos of the scene to elaborate the transition of events. This method of spreading information implies that readers of the newspapers may not get the direct exc hange between the involved people unless they infer it from the description of the news reporter (Warner 525). In terms of behavior of the reporters in the television and the newspaper media, it is possible to determine those of the newspaper have to develop their descriptive ability so that they can achieve the goals. On the other hand, television reporters may use less description and reinforce it with the video of the events at the scene they have covered in the process of collecting information. In broadcasting, the newspaper reporters have to have abilities to choose the best way to present the information through developing captivating headlines. On the other hand, television reporters may not require headlines to the information they have to the people but they may start with a short summary of the news they have about the covered scenes during the news session. The newspaper medium of communication is efficient if the target receivers can read and understand the information contained. This means that newspaper presentation of news is limited to a smaller population who can read. Additionally, if an individual cannot read and understand the language in which newspaper information is presented, it means it would be impossible to communicate to such people. Another limitation of newspaper reporting is that it cannot present information immediately it has happened but presents things that happened in the past. This means that newspapers may not be effective in communicating urgent information because the process of collecting editing, preparing and distributing information in the newspaper is long (Warner 526). In broadcasting events to the public, television medium is effective because it can reach those who can understand the language of the news and makes the understanding of information easy by use of videos. The other thing that makes television broadcasting effective is that it can present live coverage of the scene of events. This makes the medium v ery efficient way of attaining the goal of communication especially when the there is an issue of emergency that the target population need to receive (Warner 526). In the process of presentation of information to the public,

Early Childhood Disabilities Program Case Study

Early Childhood Disabilities Program - Case Study Example The research for this report was mainly secondary and qualitative since primary research is restricted by time constraint for this report. The data was mostly collected from secondary literature and books and was based on information which was already available. Books and internet were the two main sources for data collection. An outline of the project management with an overview of its key elements is covered in this report. Although there is an abundance material available on the topic, this report is restricted to the work made available by authors on the topic of project management. The topic is broad and the information available from internet sources is limited therefore it is beyond the scope of this research to cover every aspect of project management. The selected information is applied only to a particular organization in Kuwait. Project management is defined by the Project Managements Institute (PMI) as 'a temporary endeavor undertaken to produce a unique product, service or result' (Lewis, 2006). In his book Fundamentals of Project Management (2006) , Lewis describes a project as being a onetime endeavor having a definite beginning and end , a budget, a defined scope of the work which needs to be done and the performance requirements which have to be met. The integration of processes such as, initiating, planning and executing, monitoring and control, and closing, results in project management. According to Lock (2007) before a project can be initiated, it is important to clearly establish its requirements, document them and to understand them. The first stage of project management requires the project to be defined. He also states that a project cannot be expected to be successful unless the requirements are adequately defined and documented. This includes the development of a feasibility report, which appraises the technical, logistic, environmental, commercial and financial aspects which may impact the project (Lock, 2007). The purpose of the feasibility is to ensure that the project is headed in the right direction and lets investors can make their decisions based on expert advice. Initiation also involves developing checklists which ensure that no important activity is left out in the process of project evaluation. After the requirements are established, the project scope needs to be determined (Lock, 2007). Legal consideration, contracts and negotiations with vendors and customers, quality control and termination are all a part of the project initiation and execution (Cleland & Ireland, 2004). Project management includes the planning activities such as development of goals and objectives, development of WBS, schedule for work, control and evaluation. According to Lewis (2006) at a basic level a project management planning includes: A project statement Project mission statement Project objectives Project work requirement with all the

Was the US Supreme Court Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Essay

Was the US Supreme Court Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Roberts an Example of Judicial Activism - Essay Example Judicial activism was not apparent in the recent Supreme Court decision even if the decision imposed certain changes in the law being passed. These are incidental results in the exercise of its functions, with the end goal of ensuring the compliance of the laws with the constitution. Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Overview of Supreme Court functions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Judicial review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Judicial activism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Judicial activism v. Judicial review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... With this decision, the legislative requirement for Americans to have health insurance by 2012 was upheld. This decision also supported the mandate to buy health insurance - an individual mandate - as a constitutional application of the legislative taxing power. Majority of the justices ruled that the individual mandate was not an effective application of the Congressional Commerce Clause or its Necessary and Proper Clause authority. Majority of the Supreme Court justices also assented to the fact that the expansion of the Medicaid was not a valid application of legislative spending power as it illegally mandates states to accede to the expansion or else lose their Medicaid financial privileges. This decision has been filled with various complications for the ACA and the HCERA, with significant changes in the original mandates passed by Congress. This prompted President Obama, as well as other analysts and interest groups to be cautioned against judicial policy-making or judicial act ivism. They further argue that the actions of the Supreme Court in these suspected cases of judicial activism are tantamount to a violation of the separation of powers. On the other hand, others are quick to argue that the judiciary is appropriately exercising its powers of adjudication, in the valid application of principle of checks and balances. Based on these opposing views, this paper shall discuss whether or not judges should be policy-makers and whether or not the Supreme Court health care decision written by Chief Justice Roberts is an example of judicial activism. This paper will be based on the decision itself, including related news media and think